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Aggressive Risk Factor Reduction Study for Atrial Fibrillation and Implications for the Outcome of Ablation
Open accessAbstract
Background The long-term outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation demonstrates attrition. This outcome may be due to failure to attenuate the progressive substrate promoted by cardiovascular risk factors.Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of risk factor and weight management on AF ablation outcomes.Methods Of 281 consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation, 149 with a body mass index ≥27 kg/m(2) and ≥1 cardiac risk factor were offered risk factor management (RFM) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines. After AF ablation, all 61 patients who opted for RFM and 88 control subjects were assessed every 3 to 6 months by clinic review and 7-day Holter monitoring. Changes in the Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale scores were determined.Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics, number of procedures, or follow-up duration between the groups (p = NS). RFM resulted in greater reductions in weight (p = 0.002) and blood pressure (p = 0.006), and better glycemic control (p = 0.001) and lipid profiles (p = 0.01). At follow-up, AF frequency, duration, symptoms, and symptom severity decreased more in the RFM group compared with the control group (all p < 0.001). Single-procedure drug-unassisted arrhythmia-free survival was greater in RFM patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). Multiple-procedure arrhythmia-free survival was markedly better in RFM patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001), with 16% and 42.4%, respectively, using antiarrhythmic drugs (p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, type of AF (p < 0.001) and RFM (hazard ratio 4.8 [95% confidence interval: 2.04 to 11.4]; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of arrhythmia-free survival.Conclusions Aggressive RFM improved the long-term success of AF ablation. This study underscores the importance of therapy directed at the primary promoters of the AF substrate to facilitate rhythm control strategies.
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“Moderate or severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) is reported in 20%–62%.330,704,706,710–715”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [330]
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“In studies, such as the ARREST-AF cohort study or the ACTIVE-AF trial, regular exercise programs exhibited a reduction in AF-related symptoms, AF incidence, and AF recurrence rates [76,77].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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“Other groups have studied the relationship between subjective (grade) or objective (volume/weight) tonsil evaluation and AHI and reported a trend toward significance328 or a significant association.318,329–334”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [330]
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“Given the high incidence of AF after CTI ablation for typical AFL”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [166]
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“Intensive weight-reduction management in addition to management of other cardiovascular risk factors (in the range of 10-15 kg weight loss achieved) led to fewer AF recurrences and symptoms compared with an approach based on general advice in obese patients with AF.”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [203]
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“Follow-up was performed every 3–6 months by clinic review and 7-day Holter monitoring showing that aggressive RFM improved the long-term success of AF ablation.(8) Donnellan et al.”
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Self-citationWorld Heart Federation Roadmap on Atrial Fibrillation – A 2020 Update
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“Aggressive lifestyle intervention in patients with AF undergoing catheter ablation has been reported to lead to a reduction in symptom burden, improved quality of life and the need for repeat ablation procedures.(10) It remains to be tested whether initiation of Table 4 Outlier studies omitted (24 hours Holter) to ass…”
BackgroundSelf-citationDonnellan, E., Wazni, O. M., Kanj, M. H., Baranowski, B. J., Cremer, P. C., Harb, S. C., McCarthy, C. P., McEvoy, J. W., Elshazly, M. B., Aagaard, P., et al. (2019) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euz183 · Cited by 91
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Self-citationSympathetic Nervous System Activation and Its Modulation: Role in Atrial Fibrillation
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“daemia, hypertension or obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) [26, 39, 43].”
BackgroundInfluentialGuía ESC 2021 sobre la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular en la práctica clínica
Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Bäck, M., Bénétos, A., Biffi, A., Boavida, J. M., Capodanno, D., et al. (2022) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2021.10.016 · Cited by 89
Gaïta, F., Scaglione, M., Battaglia, A., Matta, M., Gallo, C., Galatà, M., Caponi, D., Donna, P. D., & Anselmino, M. (2017) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eux008 · Cited by 78
Impact of CPAP on the Atrial Fibrillation Substrate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Nalliah, C. J., Wong, G. R., Lee, G., Voskoboinik, A., Kee, K., Goldin, J., Watts, T. W., Linz, D., Parameswaran, R., Sugumar, H., et al. (2022) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2022.04.015 · Cited by 76
Self-citationChen, K., Bai, R., Deng, W., Gao, C., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Wang, S., Fu, H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.008 · Cited by 75
Atrial arrhythmogenesis in obstructive sleep apnea: Therapeutic implications
Linz, D., Linz, B. M., Hohl, M., & Böhm, M. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.03.003 · Cited by 76
Oxidant and Inflammatory Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation
Gutiérrez, A., & Wagoner, D. R. V. (2015) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000000313 · Cited by 74
“These interventions were also associated with improved outcomes after interventional procedures.(35) As noted by Hippocrates, food is medicine.”
Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Gökoğlan, Y., Mohanty, S., Günes, M. F., Trivedi, C. G., Santangeli, P., Gianni, C., Asfour, I., Bai, R., Burkhardt, J. D., Horton, R., et al. (2016) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.115.003660 · Cited by 73
“In this context, it is worth mentioning that the Aggressive Risk Factor Reduction Study-Implication for AF (ARREST-AF) study has reported improved long-term success of AF ablation in a majorly PAF population from a single center after aggressive risk factor reduction and efficient weight management.(47) However, this…”
BackgroundTzeis, S. E., Gerstenfeld, E. P., Kalman, J. M., Saad, E., Shamloo, A. S., Andrade, J. G., Barbhaiya, C. R., Baykaner, T., Bovéda, S., Calkins, H. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.13082 · Cited by 76
Self-citationHöskuldsdóttir, G., Sattar, N., Miftaraj, M., Näslund, I., Ottosson, J., Franzén, S., Svensson, A., & Eliasson, B. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019323 · Cited by 70
“29 It is therefore likely that the weight loss and positive effects on glycemic control after surgery are particularly important with regard to the risk reduction observed in this patient group.”
Atrial fibrillation and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the cardiogastric interaction
Linz, D., Hohl, M., Vollmar, J., Ukena, C., Mahfoud, F., & Böhm, M. (2016) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw092 · Cited by 72
“factor management according to American Heart Association/ American College of Cardiology guidelines improved the long-term success of AF ablation.(46,47)”
MethodMcCabe, P. J., Stuart-Mullen, L. G., McLeod, C. J., Byrne, T. O., Schmidt, M. M., Branda, M. E., & Griffin, J. M. (2018) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s172970 · Cited by 73
Epicardial adipose tissue as a mediator of cardiac arrhythmias
Patel, K. H. K., Hwang, T., Liebers, C. S., & Ng, F. S. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00565.2021 · Cited by 77
Fabritz, L., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Guasch, E., Goette, A., Häusler, K. G., Kotecha, D., Lewalter, T., Meyer, C. G., Potpara, T., Rienstra, M., et al. (2020) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaa279 · Cited by 70
Mahdiui, M. E., Simon, J., Smit, J. M., Kuneman, J. H., van Rosendael, A. R., Steyerberg, E. W., van der Geest, R. J., Száraz, L., Herczeg, S., Szegedi, N., et al. (2021) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.120.009135 · Cited by 68
Challenges in Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Obese Patients
Bianchettin, R. G., Lavie, C. J., & López-Jiménez, F. A. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.031 · Cited by 73
Thrombus Formation After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion With the Amplatzer Amulet Device
Sedaghat, A., Schrickel, J. W., Andrié, R., Schueler, R., Nickenig, G., & Hammerstingl, C. (2016) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2016.05.006 · Cited by 68
Stroke risk in women with atrial fibrillation
Buhari, H., Fang, J., Han, L., Austin, P. C., Dorian, P., Jackevicius, C. A., Yu, A., Kapral, M. K., Singh, S. M., Tu, K., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad508 · Cited by 64
Mohanty, S., Mohanty, P. K., Natale, V. N., Trivedi, C. G., Gianni, C., Burkhardt, J. D., Sánchez, J., Horton, R., Gallinghouse, G. J., Hongo, R. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.13394 · Cited by 66
“5 But, this finding cannot be generalized to global AF population for several reasons: (1) nonrandomized study design; (2) inclusion of paroxysmal and persistent AF only; (3) plausible underestimation of recurrent events due to a not-so-rigorous follow-up regimen; arrhythmia monitoring at yearly interval might have mi…”
BackgroundMekhael, M., Marrouche, N. F., Hajjar, A. H. E., & Donnellan, E. (2022) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2022.09.006 · Cited by 67
Vagal atrial fibrillation: What is it and should we treat it?
Carpenter, A., Frontera, A., Bond, R., Duncan, E., & Thomas, G. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.108 · Cited by 65
Kato, M., Ogano, M., Mori, Y., Kochi, K., Morimoto, D., Kito, K., Nihei, F., Tsukamoto, T., Akira, K. U. B. O., Takagi, H., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319859974 · Cited by 67
“demonstrated that aggressive risk factor management improved the long-term success of atrial fibrillation ablation.(28) Therefore, a longer follow-up might have reinforced the value of the study.”
BackgroundTzeis, S. E., Gerstenfeld, E. P., Kalman, J. M., Saad, E., Shamloo, A. S., Andrade, J. G., Barbhaiya, C. R., Baykaner, T., Bovéda, S., Calkins, H. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-024-01771-5 · Cited by 66
Self-citationSkielboe, A. K., Bandholm, T., Hakmann, S., Mourier, M., Kallemose, T., & Dixen, U. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170060 · Cited by 69
Creta, A., Providencia, R. A., Adragão, P., de Asmundis, C., Chun, K. R. J., Chierchia, G., Defaye, P., Schmidt, B., Anselme, F., Finlay, M., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.12.037 · Cited by 66
Obesity and atrial fibrillation: making inroads through fat
Javed, S., Gupta, D., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2020) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa013 · Cited by 65
Elliott, A. D., Maatman, B. T., Emery, M. S., & Sanders, P. (2017) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.07.001 · Cited by 63
Self-citationSato, T., Aizawa, Y., Yuasa, S., Fujita, S., Ikeda, Y., & Okabe, M. (2020) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.48009 · Cited by 63
Atrial Myopathy Underlying Atrial Fibrillation
Rivner, H., Mitrani, R. D., & Goldberger, J. J. (2020) · Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review · doi:10.15420/aer.2020.13 · Cited by 64
“While the mechanism is unclear, improvements in atrial volume on echocardiography suggest that it may be due to reversal of the underlying cardiomyopathy.(165) As a result, the latest ACC/AHA guidelines for AF recommend weight loss in obese patients with a Class I indication.”
BackgroundObesity and cardiovascular risk
Kotsis, V., Tsioufis, K. P., Antza, C., Seravalle, G., Coca, A., Sierra, C., Lurbe, E., Stabouli, S., Jelaković, B., Redón, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001731 · Cited by 66
Atrial Fibrillation in Active Cancer Patients: Expert Position Paper and Recommendations
López‐Fernández, T., Martín‐Garcia, A., Rabadán, I. R., Mitroi, C. D., Mazón‐Ramos, P., Díez‐Villanueva, P., Escobar, C., Alonso‐Martín, C., Salinas, G. L. A., Arenas, M., et al. (2019) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2019.03.019 · Cited by 62
Piccini, J. P., Allred, J. D., Bunch, T. J., Deering, T. F., Biase, L. D., Hussein, A. A., Lewis, W. R., Mittal, S., Natale, A., Osorio, J., et al. (2020) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.033 · Cited by 63
“Prescribing OAC to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism, while minimizing the risk of bleeding, is a critical component in the treatment of patients with AF and a core competency for any AF CoE.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAblation of Atrial Fibrillation
Link, M. S., Haı̈ssaguerre, M., & Natale, A. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.021727 · Cited by 64
Charitakis, E., Barmano, N., Walfridsson, U., & Walfridsson, H. (2017) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2016.12.004 · Cited by 61
“(39) showed that aggressive risk factor modification improved the long-term success of AF ablation, and that cardiorespiratory fitness predicted arrhythmia recurrence in obese patients with symptomatic AF (40).”
BackgroundHoman, E. A., Reyes, M. V., Hickey, K. T., & Morrow, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01847 · Cited by 63
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Atrial Fibrillation Type
Donnellan, E., Wazni, O. M., Elshazly, M. B., Kanj, M. H., Hussein, A. A., Baranowski, B. J., Kochar, A., Trulock, K. M., Aminian, A., Schauer, P. R., et al. (2020) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.119.007626 · Cited by 62
Lifestyle Modification in the Prevention and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Menezes, A. R., Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Milani, R. V., O’Keefe, J. H., DiNicolantonio, J. J., Morin, D. P., & ABI‐SAMRA, F. M. (2015) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.07.001 · Cited by 58
“Finally, among overweight patients, risk factor management (RFM), as per the guidelines set by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, has been associated with improved long-term success of AF ablation.(36) In this study, individuals with a BMI ≥27 kg/m(2) and ≥1 CHD risk factor were off…”
BackgroundThe why, when and how to test for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation
Desteghe, L., Hendriks, J., McEvoy, R. D., Chai‐Coetzer, C. L., Dendale, P., Sanders, P., Heidbüchel, H., & Linz, D. (2018) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-018-1248-9 · Cited by 59
Self-citationHendriks, J., Tieleman, R. G., Vrijhoef, H. J., Wijtvliet, P., Gallagher, C., Prins, M. H., Sanders, P., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2019) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euz209 · Cited by 58
Self-citationDual-Channel Neural Network for Atrial Fibrillation Detection From a Single Lead ECG Wave
Fang, B., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Wang, W. W., Wang, K., Singh, A. K., & Lv, Z. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3120890 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Pathak, R. K., Middeldorp, M. E., Lau, D. H., Mehta, A. B., Mahajan, R., Twomey, D., Alasady, M., Hanley, L., Antic, N. A., McEvoy, R. D., Kalman, J. M., Abhayaratna, W. P., & Sanders, P.
- Affiliations
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, Prashanthan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2222-2231
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W140098974
- Semantic Scholar
- f4c9c27c3ab3730d2c2ca09e8648704e91ba7fde
- Cited by
- 949
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 52.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ResMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, cardiovascular risk management, obesity, weight loss, blood pressure reduction, glycemic control, lipid profile, arrhythmia-free survival, atrial fibrillation substrate, antiarrhythmic drugs, atrial fibrillation recurrence
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Life Style, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Smoking Cessation, Catheter Ablation, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Dyslipidemias, Weight Reduction Programs
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