Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema–dermatitis syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Background The immunomodulating mechanisms of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and other probiotics are poorly understood.Objective We studied in vivo the immunologic effects of probiotics in infants with atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and cow's milk allergy (CMA).Methods Two hundred thirty infants with AEDS and suspected CMA received, concomitant with elimination diet, either LGG, a mixture of 4 probiotic strains (MIX), or placebo for 4 weeks. All available paired pretreatment and posttreatment plasma samples (n = 132) were analyzed for concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble E-selectin, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and C-reactive protein.Results In infants with IgE-associated AEDS, treatment with LGG induced higher C-reactive protein levels than in the placebo group (geometric mean, 0.83 microg/mL [95% CI, 0.56-0.81] vs 0.42 microg/mL [95% CI, 0.27-0.65]; P = .021). Concomitantly, IL-6 levels increased after treatment with LGG ( P = .023) but not with MIX or placebo. Soluble E-selectin levels were higher after probiotic than after placebo treatment in infants with IgE-mediated CMA (LGG geometric mean, 86.7 ng/mL [95% CI, 75.2-100]; MIX geometric mean, 91.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 74.8-111.9]; and placebo geometric mean, 64.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 53-79.3]; analysis of covariance, P = .035; LGG vs placebo, P = .023; MIX vs placebo, P = .020). Use of MIX induced an increase in plasma IL-10 levels ( P = .016).Conclusion Probiotics induced systemically detectable low-grade inflammation, which might explain the clinical effects of probiotics in AEDS and CMA.
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Knowledge about probiotics and CRP is limited; some strains appear to affect CRP while others do not.
“To date, not much is known about probiotics and CRP, but some strains seem to be able to influence CRP, whereas others have no effect. 37, 39, 40”
From Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota (2008) · cites this paper as [37]
Plasma samples showed that multispecies probiotic supplementation raised IL-10 in infants with atopic eczema.
“Using plasma samples, an increase in IL-10 by multispecies probiotic supplementation in infants with atopic eczema has been documented. 37”
From Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota (2008) · cites this paper as [37]
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BackgroundKAJANDER, K., MYLLYLUOMA, E., RAJILIĆ‐STOJANOVIĆ, M., KYRÖNPALO, S., RASMUSSEN, M., JÄRVENPÄÄ, S., ZOETENDAL, E. G., DE VOS, W. M., VAPAATALO, H., & KORPELA, R. (2008) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03542.x · Cited by 367 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Viljanen, M., Pohjavuori, E., Haahtela, T., Korpela, R., Kuitunen, M., Sarnesto, A., Vaarala, O., & Savilahti, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Valio (Finland) (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Viljanen, Mirva
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1254-1259
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2118660881
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 23.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Keywords
- probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, cow's milk allergy, infants, low-grade inflammation, immunomodulation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble E-selectin, IL-10, elimination diet, IgE-mediated allergy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, C-Reactive Protein, Dermatitis, Atopic, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Infant, Lactobacillus, Male, Interleukin-6, Milk Hypersensitivity, Inflammation Mediators, E-Selectin, Probiotics
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