Epidemiologic risks for food allergy
Abstract
This article reviews possible risk factors and theories for the development of food allergy. It is noted that previous strategies to prevent food allergy through allergen avoidance during pregnancy, breast-feeding, and infancy have more recently been called into question. Alternative hypotheses are examined with respect to food allergy, namely the hygiene hypothesis, the dietary fat hypothesis, the antioxidant hypothesis, and the vitamin D hypotheses. An alternative hypothesis is proposed, suggesting that sensitization to allergen occurs through environmental exposure to allergen through the skin and that consumption of food allergen induces oral tolerance. This hypothesis provides a possible explanation for the close link between eczema and the development of food allergies. It also suggests novel interventional strategies to prevent the development of food allergies.
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The main route for sensitization and perpetuation of food-induced hypersensitivity lesions is the cutaneous one.
“The main route for sensitization and perpetuation of food-induced hypersensitivity lesions is the cutaneous one.”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Early-onset AD is related to the development of food allergies.
“In short, early-onset AD is related to the development of food allergies.”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Several studies have confirmed an association between food allergies and more severe AD, as well as an association between early and persistent development of AD and food allergies, with greater likelihood of sensitization to milk, eggs, and peanuts.
“Several studies have confirmed an association between food allergies and more severe AD, as well as an association between the early and persistent development of AD and food allergies, observing a greater likelihood of sensitization to common foods such as milk, eggs, and peanuts.”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
A systematic review involving 66 studies revealed that food sensitization in children with AD was six times greater compared to healthy controls at three months of age.
“A systematic review involving 66 studies revealed that food sensitization in children with AD was six times greater compared to healthy controls at three months of age.”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Food allergy worsens AD or increases the risk of comorbidities, including anaphylaxis.
“Conversely, food allergy worsens AD or increases the risk of comorbidities, including anaphylaxis.”
From Update on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Lack, G.
- Affiliations
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lack, Gideon
- ORCID
- Lack, Gideon
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1331-1336
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008218819
- Cited by
- 700
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Keywords
- food allergy, risk factors, allergen avoidance, hygiene hypothesis, oral tolerance, skin sensitization, atopic dermatitis, allergy prevention, pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy
- MeSH terms
- Allergens, Breast Feeding, Diet, Female, Food Hypersensitivity, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Risk Factors
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