The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Detection of pathogenic bacteria during rhinovirus infection is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations
Open accessAbstract
Background Detection of either viral or bacterial pathogens is associated with wheezing in children, however the influence of both bacteria and virus on illness symptoms has not been described. Objective We evaluated bacterial detection during peak RV season in children with and without asthma to determine if an association exists between bacterial infection and the severity of RV illnesses. Methods 308 children (166 with asthma, 142 without asthma) ages 4–12 years provided five consecutive weekly nasal samples during September, and scored cold and asthma symptoms daily. Viral diagnostics and quantitative PCR for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were performed on all nasal samples. Results Detection rates were 53%, 17% and 11% for H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis, respectively, with detection of RV increasing the risk of detecting bacteria within the same sample (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.7, p<0.0001) or the following week (OR 1.6 (1.1–2.4), p=0.02). In the absence of RV, S. pneumoniae was associated with increased cold symptoms (mean 2.7 (95% CI 2.0–3.5) vs. 1.8 (1.5–2.2), p=0.006) and moderate asthma exacerbations (18% (12%–27%) vs. 9.2% (6.7%–12%), p=0.006). In the presence of RV, S. pneumoniae was associated with increased moderate asthma exacerbations (22% (16%–29%) vs. 15% (11%–20%), p=0.01). Furthermore, M. catarrhalis detected alongside RV increased the likelihood of experiencing cold and/or asthma symptoms compared to isolated detection of RV (OR 2.0 (1.0–4.1), p=0.04). Regardless of RV status, H. influenzae was not associated with respiratory symptoms. Conclusion RV infection enhances detection of specific bacterial pathogens in children with and without asthma. Furthermore, these findings suggest that M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae contribute to the severity of respiratory illnesses, including exacerbations of asthma.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma
Program, P., & theDiagnosis, T. E. P. O. (1997) · Cited by 4,083
(2007) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.029 · Cited by 2,181
Disordered Microbial Communities in Asthmatic Airways
Hilty, M., Burke, C., Pedro, H., Cardenas, P., Bush, A., Bossley, C., Davies, J., Ervine, A., Poulter, L., Pachter, L., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008578 · Cited by 1,824
Wheezing Rhinovirus Illnesses in Early Life Predict Asthma Development in High-Risk Children
Jackson, D. J., Gangnon, R. E., Evans, M. D., Roberg, K. A., Anderson, E. L., Pappas, T. E., Printz, M. C., Lee, W.-M., Shult, P. A., Reisdorf, E., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-309oc · Cited by 1,317
Self-citationTopographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract
Charlson, E. S., Bittinger, K., Haas, A. R., Fitzgerald, A. S., Frank, I., Yadav, A., Bushman, F. D., & Collman, R. G. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201104-0655oc · Cited by 1,144
Ruuskanen, O., Lahti, E., Jennings, L. C., & Murdoch, D. R. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61459-6 · Cited by 1,124
Childhood Asthma after Bacterial Colonization of the Airway in Neonates
Bisgaard, H., Hermansen, M. N., Buchvald, F., Loland, L., Halkjaer, L. B., Bønnelykke, K., Brasholt, M., Heltberg, A., Vissing, N. H., Thorsen, S. V., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052632 · Cited by 1,005
(2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.ats9-00 · Cited by 909
Insights into the Interaction between Influenza Virus and Pneumococcus
McCullers, J. A. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00058-05 · Cited by 846
Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma
Huang, Y. J., Nelson, C. E., Brodie, E. L., DeSantis, T. Z., Baek, M. S., Liu, J., Woyke, T., Allgaier, M., Bristow, J., Wiener-Kronish, J. P., et al. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.048 · Cited by 696
Cited by
Role of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children
Jartti, T., & Gern, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.003 · Cited by 474
Self-citationDeMuri, G. P., Gern, J. E., Eickhoff, J. C., Lynch, S. V., & Wald, E. R. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix941 · Cited by 136
Self-citationDel Giacco, S. R., Bakirtas, A., Bel, E., Custovic, A., Diamant, Z., Hamelmann, E., Heffler, E., Kalayci, Ö., Saglani, S., Sergejeva, S., et al. (2017) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.13072 · Cited by 130
“Microbial diversity was also shown to increase the risk of rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in children (85).”
BackgroundValverde-Molina, J., & García-Marcos, L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030486 · Cited by 92
Interferon at the crossroads of allergy and viral infections
Gonzales-van Horn, S. R., & Farrar, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ru0315-099r · Cited by 86
Metadata
- Authors
- Kloepfer, K. M., Lee, W. M., Pappas, T. E., Kang, T. J., Vrtis, R. F., Evans, M. D., Gangnon, R. E., Bochkov, Y. A., Jackson, D. J., Lemanske, R. F., & Gern, J. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1301-1307.e3
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006007763
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 21.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Detection of pathogenic bacteria during rhinovirus infection is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.030
- The paper
- Kloepfer, K. M., Lee, W. M., Pappas, T. E., Kang, T. J., Vrtis, R. F., Evans, M. D., Gangnon, R. E., Bochkov, Y. A., Jackson, D. J., Lemanske, R. F., & Gern, J. E. (2014). Detection of pathogenic bacteria during rhinovirus infection is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.030
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
