CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 136Pneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsRespiratory viral infections researchMicrobial infections and disease research

Dynamics of bacterial colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis during symptomatic and asymptomatic viral upper respiratory tract infection

Open access
DeMuri, Gregory P, Gern, James E, Eickhoff, Jens C, Lynch, Susan V, Wald, Ellen R·2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/cid/cix941PMC PMC6019034
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: Virus is detected in about 80% of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children and is also detectable in the nasopharynx of 30% of asymptomatic children. The effect of asymptomatic viral infection on the dynamics of bacterial density and colonization of the nasopharynx has not been reported. The current study was performed to assess the presence and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of 4-7-year-old children during URTI and when well. Methods: Nasal samples were obtained during 4 surveillance periods when children were asymptomatic and whenever they had symptoms of URTI. Respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens were identified and quantified using polymerase chain reaction. Results: The proportion of children colonized with all 3 bacteria was higher during visits for acute URTI than during asymptomatic surveillance visits. Mean bacterial densities were significantly higher at all visits for all 3 pathogens when a virus was detected. The differences between the means were 1.0, 0.4, and 0.7 log10 colony-forming unit equivalents per milliliter for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis, respectively, compared with visits in which virus was not detected. The percentage of children colonized and density were also higher at asymptomatic visits in which virus was detected than at visits in which virus was not detected. Conclusion: The density and frequency of colonization with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis in nasal wash samples increase during periods of both symptomatic and asymptomatic viral infection. Increases in bacterial colonization observed during asymptomatic viral infection were nearly the same magnitude as when children were symptomatic.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/cid/cix941

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • One clinical investigation assessed the presence and density of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of children during URT infection and in the healthy state, and reported that the proportion of children colonized with these bacteria was higher during infection than during asymptomatic surveillance visits.

    “One clinical investigation assessed the presence and density of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of children during URT infection and in the healthy state, and reported that the proportion of children colonized with these bacteria was higher during infection than during asymptomatic surveillance visits.”

    From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [117]

  • The percentage of colonized children and bacterial density were also higher at asymptomatic visits in which virus was detected than at those in which virus was not detected.

    “Interestingly, the percentage of colonized children and bacterial density were also higher at asymptomatic visits in which virus was detected than at those in which virus was not detected (117).”

    From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [117]

  • Mean density of all bacterial species was significantly higher at each visit when a virus was detected.

    “Mean density of all bacterial species was significantly higher at each visit when a virus was detected.”

    From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [117]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [31]Syrjänen RK, Herva EE, Mäkelä PH et al The value of nasopharyngeal culture in predicting the etiology of acute otitis media in children less than two years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25: 1032– 6. 17072126

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
DeMuri, G. P., Gern, J. E., Eickhoff, J. C., Lynch, S. V., & Wald, E. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
DeMuri, Gregory P
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2017-11-07
Volume
66
Issue
7
Pages
1045-1053
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/cid/cix941
PMC
PMC6019034
OpenAlex
W2767845197
Cited by
136
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8
FWCI
7.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  • National Institutes of Health (R01 AI097172)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Keywords
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, bacterial colonization, viral upper respiratory tract infection, asymptomatic viral infection, nasopharynx, bacterial density, children, co-infection, respiratory viruses
MeSH terms
Moraxella catarrhalis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Male, Nasopharynx, Respiratory Tract Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Virus Diseases, Viruses, Wisconsin, Cohort Studies, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Asymptomatic Infections

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review