Cited by 588Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: A meta-analysis

Cuijpers, Pim, Karyotaki, Eirini, Weitz, Erica, Andersson, Gerhard, Hollon, Steven D., van Straten, Annemieke·2014·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.026

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Abstract

Background Standardised effect sizes have been criticized because they are difficult to interpret and offer little clinical information. This meta-analyses examine the extent of actual improvement, the absolute numbers of patients no longer meeting criteria for major depression, and absolute rates of response and remission.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of 92 studies with 181 conditions (134 psychotherapy and 47 control conditions) with 6937 patients meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. Within these conditions, we calculated the absolute number of patients no longer meeting criteria for major depression, rates of response and remission, and the absolute reduction on the BDI, BDI-II, and HAM-D.Results After treatment, 62% of patients no longer met criteria for MDD in the psychotherapy conditions. However, 43% of participants in the control conditions and 48% of people in the care-as-usual conditions no longer met criteria for MDD, suggesting that the additional value of psychotherapy compared to care-as-usual would be 14%. For response and remission, comparable results were found, with less than half of the patients meeting criteria for response and remission after psychotherapy. Additionally, a considerable proportion of response and remission was also found in control conditions. In the psychotherapy conditions, scores on the BDI were reduced by 13.42 points, 15.12 points on the BDI-II, and 10.28 points on the HAM-D. In the control conditions, these reductions were 4.56, 4.68, and 5.29.Discussion Psychotherapy contributes to improvement in depressed patients, but improvement in control conditions is also considerable.

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Authors: Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Weitz, E., Andersson, G., Hollon, S. D., & van Straten, A.
Affiliations: Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Linköping University (SE)
Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: Cuijpers, Pim
ORCID: Cuijpers, Pim
Karyotaki, Eirini
Weitz, Erica
Andersson, Gerhard
Hollon, Steven D.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 159
Pages: 118-126
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.026
OpenAlex: W2141305471
Semantic Scholar: f373e105af3f5363f14fc4a4eb88392a9bf0eafa
Cited by: 586
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 4.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: major depressive disorder, psychotherapy, remission, response rate, usual care, Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
MeSH terms: Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychotherapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome

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The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: A meta-analysis

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