A Meta-Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Adult Depression, Alone and in Comparison with other Treatments
Open accessAbstract
Objective: No recent meta-analysis has examined the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for adult depression. We decided to conduct such an updated meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane library). We included studies examining the effects of CBT, compared with control groups, other psychotherapies, and pharmacotherapy. Results: A total of 115 studies met inclusion criteria. The mean effect size (ES) of 94 comparisons from 75 studies of CBT and control groups was Hedges g = 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79), which corresponds with a number needed to treat of 2.6. However, this may be an overestimation of the true ES as we found strong indications for publication bias (ES after adjustment for bias was g = 0.53), and because the ES of higher-quality studies was significantly lower ( g = 0.53) than for lower-quality studies ( g = 0.90). The difference between high- and low-quality studies remained significant after adjustment for other study characteristics in a multivariate meta-regression analysis. We did not find any indication that CBT was more or less effective than other psychotherapies or pharmacotherapy. Combined treatment was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy alone ( g = 0.49). Conclusions: There is no doubt that CBT is an effective treatment for adult depression, although the effects may have been overestimated until now. CBT is also the most studied psychotherapy for depression, and thus has the greatest weight of evidence. However, other treatments approach its overall efficacy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Strategies such as distraction or reappraisal feature prominently in treating acute phase depression.
“This inhibition is understandable given that strategies such as distraction or reappraisal feature prominently in treating acute phase depression (Cuijpers et al., 2013, Markowitz, 2008).”
From Static and treatment-responsive brain biomarkers of depression relapse vulnerability following prophylactic psychotherapy: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2022) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
In Identification and Selection of Studies (p. 4), the paper describes cognitive restructuring—evaluating and modifying dysfunctional beliefs—as a core or important component of CBT for adult depression. That supports the reappraisal part in substance, but the paper does not identify distraction as a prominent strategy or specifically characterize these strategies as treatments for acute-phase depression. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe combination of CBT and an antidepressant is more effective than either alone.
“the combination of CBT and an antidepressant is more effective than either alone.57,88,89”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
The Clinical Implications (p. 3) and Discussion (p. 10) say that CBT combined with pharmacotherapy is more effective than pharmacotherapy alone. They do not establish that the combination is more effective than CBT alone, so the claim’s “either alone” wording goes beyond this source. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA meta-analysis of 9 RCTs comparing CBT and pharmacotherapy concluded that after 1 year, those who received CBT in the acute phase of depressive illness had a lower rate of relapse than those who discontinued medication.
“a meta-analysis of 9 RCTs comparing CBT and pharmacotherapy concluded that after 1 year, those who received CBT in the acute phase of depressive illness had a lower rate of relapse than those who discontinued medication.”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
The Discussion (p. 10) reports that another meta-analysis found lower relapse rates after one- and two-year follow-up among people who received CBT than among those treated with pharmacotherapy. But this paper says its own meta-analysis examined only short-term outcomes; it does not establish the claimed nine RCTs or specify a comparison with people who discontinued medication. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere was no difference between the CBT group and those who continued pharmacotherapy at 1-year follow-up.
“There was no difference, however, between the CBT group and those who continued pharmacotherapy at 1-year follow-up.57”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
The “CBT, Compared With Pharmacotherapy” section (p. 8) reports no significant overall difference, but that finding concerns short-term outcomes. The Discussion (p. 10) says this meta-analysis did not examine long-term efficacy and reports lower relapse rates after one- and two-year follow-up for people who received CBT than for people treated with pharmacotherapy. It does not establish the claimed lack of difference at one year against continued pharmacotherapy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEvidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) are highly effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning.
“Evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) are highly effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning [1-3].”
From Clinical Effects of Asynchronous Provider-Guided Practice Sessions During Blended Care Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
The Results and Conclusions (p. 2) find CBT effective for adult depression, while noting that publication bias and study quality may have inflated the estimated effect. The paper does not establish effectiveness for anxiety, and its description of improving functioning (Identification and Selection of Studies, p. 4) is a treatment rationale rather than a reported outcome. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Depression and anxiety can be effectively treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).
“Fortunately, numerous studies have shown that the aforementioned mental disorders can be effectively treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (Cuijpers et al., 2013; Öst, 2008).”
From The effect of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety on quality of life: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
The Conclusions (p. 2) state that CBT is effective for adult depression. The study does not establish its effectiveness for anxiety: the Identification and Selection of Studies section (p. 4) says participants with anxiety disorders but not depression were excluded. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmong responders to first-line treatments, benefits are often modest as indicated by medium effect sizes.
“Among responders, the benefits are often modest as indicated by medium effect sizes (Cuijpers et al., 2013).”
From A mindful yoga intervention for young women with major depressive disorder: Design and baseline sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
The CBT-versus-control analysis (p. 6) reports an effect size of g = 0.53 after adjustment for publication bias, which the Meta-Analyses section (p. 4) classifies as moderate. But that effect compares treatment groups, not benefits among responders, and it does not establish a finding about first-line treatments generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCurrent evidence-based treatment packages for MDD are suboptimal in rates of response to the intervention.
“rates of response to the intervention (Cuijpers et al., 2013; Preskorn, 2013; Spijker et al., 2002)”
From A mindful yoga intervention for young women with major depressive disorder: Design and baseline sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
The Discussion (p. 11) says that not all people with adult depression benefit from CBT, and the Results (p. 2) caution that its estimated effect may be overstated. This supports the concern that response is imperfect, but the paper does not establish response rates for evidence-based MDD treatment packages generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCBT has been shown to be particularly effective in the management of the psychiatric symptoms frequently observed in cervical dystonia.
“CBT has been shown to be particularly effective in the management of the psychiatric symptoms frequently observed in cervical dystonia [10, 11]”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programme as an intervention for people diagnosed with adult-onset, focal, isolated, idiopathic cervical dystonia: A feasibility study protocol (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
The Clinical Implications (p. 3) state that CBT is effective for adult depression. The paper does not establish its effectiveness for psychiatric symptoms in people with cervical dystonia, and it finds no evidence that CBT is more effective than other psychotherapies. Thus the general effectiveness claim is supported, but the condition-specific and 'particularly effective' claims are not. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive behavioral therapy is efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms.
“Despite the large body of evidence supporting the overall efficacy of CBT in alleviating depressive symptoms (Cuijpers et al., 2013a)”
From Differential role of CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility in predicting depressive versus anxiety symptom improvement (2016) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013a
The drop in the MDD effect size after publication bias adjustment was relatively small compared to that reported in other studies on publication bias in psychotherapies for MDD.
“However, this was a relatively small drop compared to that reported in other studies on publication bias in psychotherapies for MDD 15,18,184 .”
From How effective are cognitive behavior therapies for major depression and anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic update of the evidence (2016) · cites this paper as [184]
Some meta-analytic comparisons between specific models of psychological treatment have shown no significant differences in efficacy, while others have shown modest differences.
“Some meta-analytic comparisons between specific models of psychological treatment have shown no significant differences in efficacy, 57 with others showing modest differences.58”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
Current first-line MDD interventions are efficacious.
“Despite the efficacy of current first‐line MDD interventions (Cuijpers et al., 2013)”
From A mindful yoga intervention for young women with major depressive disorder: Design and baseline sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
Evidence-based interventions for depression include CBT, BA, interpersonal therapy, and problem-solving therapy.
“Thus, we have evidence-based interventions for depression, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) [5, 6] and behavioral activation (BA) [7, 8], as well as interpersonal [3, 9] or problem-solving therapy [10].”
The effects on antenatal depression in this study are highly comparable to those found for ICBT programs and traditional CBT for depression.
“The effects on antenatal depression are highly comparable to those found for ICBT-programs as well as traditional CBT for depression (Hedman et al., 2012;Hofmann et al., 2012;Cuijpers et al., 2013).”
From Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
A recent meta-analysis found evidence for frontoparietal hypo-connectivity in MDD, especially of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
“A recent meta-analysis found evidence for frontoparietal hypo-connectivity in MDD, especially of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, implicating it in goal-directed attention deficits in MDD 119 .”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [119]
The Objective and Methods (p. 2) identify this as a meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, not brain connectivity. Searches for frontoparietal hypo-connectivity, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and functional connectivity found no passage addressing the attributed finding or its proposed link to attention deficits. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmelioration of depressive symptoms from first-line pharmacological or psychotherapy treatments occurs in less than 50% of individuals with MDD.
“amelioration of depressive symptoms from first-line pharmacological or psychotherapy treatments occurs in less than 50 % of individuals with MDD (Cuijpers et al., 2013;Kolovos et al., 2017;Trivedi et al., 2006)”
From Neurocognitive effects of theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in adults: A systematic review and recommendations for future research (2025) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
The Results (p. 2) report CBT effect sizes, and the Discussion (p. 10) compares CBT with pharmacotherapy. Neither gives the proportion of people with MDD whose symptoms improve after first-line treatment. Searches for a response rate and the less-than-50% figure did not locate support in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe low heterogeneity in this meta-analysis contrasts with other meta-analyses of psychotherapy effects on depressive symptoms.
“The low level of heterogeneity is in contrast with other meta-analyses examining the effects of psychotherapies on depressive symptoms (e.g., Cuijpers et al., 2013;Cuijpers et al., 2016a).”
From Negative effects of psychotherapies for adult depression: A meta-analysis of deterioration rates (2018) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2013
CBT versus supportive therapy for depression has a small, nonsignificant effect size (SMD = 0.10) and low heterogeneity (I2 = 27%).
“For example, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus supportive therapy for depression has a small, nonsignificant effect size (SMD = 0.10) and low heterogeneity (I 2 = 27%) (Cuijpers et al. 2013).”
From The Role of Common Factors in Psychotherapy Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al. 2013
Existing interventions for anxiety and depression emphasize negative affect reduction as the central treatment goal.
“Existing interventions for anxiety and depression emphasize negative affect reduction as the central treatment goal.”
From Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: <scp>Taylor et al.</scp> (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
The majority of mental health technologies is based on (principles of) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is the most studied treatment for depression and has proven effective in many studies.
“This is unexpected because the majority of mental health technologies is based on (principles of) CBT, which is the most studied treatment for depression and has proven effective in many studies [79].”
From Clarifying the Concept of Adherence to eHealth Technology: Systematic Review on When Usage Becomes Adherence (2017) · cites this paper as [79]
In a meta-analysis of 46 outcome trials comparing CBT for depression with another therapy, the mean number of patients included was 52, and the range was 13 to 178.
“In a meta-analysis of 46 outcome trials comparing CBT for depression with another therapy, we found that the mean number of patients included was 52, and the range was 13 to 178 (Cuijpers et al. 2013).”
From The Role of Common Factors in Psychotherapy Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al. 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,347 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Higgins, J. P. T., Green, S., & Ben Van Den, A. (2020) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2020.15.2.123 · Cited by 5,670 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy of Depression
HOLLON, S. D., & BECK, A. T. (1979) · Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404480-7.50012-5 · Cited by 4,685 · see citing works
The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003 · Cited by 3,215 · see citing works
A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression.
Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J. K., Gortner, E., & Prince, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.2.295 · Cited by 1,413 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychotherapy for depression in adults: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies.
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G., & van Oppen, P. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013075 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimation of a Single Effect Size: Parametric and Nonparametric Methods
Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985) · Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057065-5.50010-5 · Cited by 983 · see citing works
Recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up
Mueller, T. I., Leon, A. C., Keller, M. B., Solomon, D. A., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Warshaw, M., & Maser, J. D. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.7.1000 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Size of Treatment Effects and Their Importance to Clinical Research and Practice
KRAEMER, H. C., & Kupfer, D. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.014 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Dobson, K. S. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.3.414 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Dobson, K. S. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.3.414 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients
Gloaguen, V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I.-M. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00199-7 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Robinson, L. A., Berman, J., & Neimeyer, R. (1990) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.30 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Dobson, K. S., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Gallop, R. J., Rizvi, S. L., Gollan, J. K., Dunner, D. L., & Jacobson, N. S. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.468 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Self-citationVittengl, J. R., Clark, L. A., Dunn, T. W., & Jarrett, R. B. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.475 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Bohlmeijer, E., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709006114 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationHandbook of Cognitive Behavioural Therapies
Dobson, K. S. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Self-citationEnduring Effects for Cognitive Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety
Hollon, S. D., Stewart, M. O., & Strunk, D. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190044 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies
Dobson, K. (2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-1760 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationCuijpers, P., Muñoz, R. F., Clarke, G. N., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.005 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological treatment of depression: Results of a series of meta-analyses
Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., Donker, T., & van Straten, A. (2011) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2011.596570 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationCuijpers, P., Dekker, J., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09r05021 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological treatment of depression: A meta-analytic database of randomized studies
Cuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., Warmerdam, L., & Andersson, G. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-36 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationOpportunities for Cost-effective Prevention of Late-Life Depression
Smit, F., Ederveen-Grochowska, A., Cuijpers, P. J., Deeg, D. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.290 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationThe efficacy of cognitive behavior therapies: A quantitative review of the research evidence.
Miller, R. C., & Berman, J. S. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.1.39 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Researcher allegiance and meta-analysis: The case of cognitive therapy for depression.
Gaffan, E. A., Tsaousis, I., & Kemp-Wheeler, S. M. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.6.966 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Relapse and recurrence prevention in depression: Current research and future prospects
Beshai, S., Dobson, K. S., Bockting, C. L. H., & Quigley, L. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.003 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationBlackburn, I. M., & Dryden, W. (1989) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.3.4.315 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., Smit, F., & Andersson, G. (2008) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610208008089 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationHandbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies, 3rd ed.
Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2010) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [16]16. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando (FL): Academic Press; 1985.
- [21]21. Smit F, Ederveen A, Cuijpers P, et al. Opportunities for costeffective prevention of late-life depression: an epidemiological approach. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:290-296.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Malhi, G. S., & Mann, J. J. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31948-2 · Cited by 4,099 · see citing works
Otte, C., Gold, S. M., Penninx, B. W., Pariante, C. M., Etkin, A., Fava, M., Mohr, D. C., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.65 · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Carlbring, P., Riper, H., & Hedman, E. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20151 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Common Factors in Psychotherapy Outcomes
Cuijpers, P., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2019) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095424 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Self-citationMalhi, G. S., Bell, E., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Hazell, P., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Porter, R., et al. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867420979353 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Noma, H., Karyotaki, E., Cipriani, A., & Furukawa, T. A. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0268 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citationCuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20346 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationCuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Weitz, E., Andersson, G., Hollon, S. D., & van Straten, A. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.026 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Self-citationParikh, S. V., Quilty, L. C., Ravitz, P., Rosenbluth, M., Pavlova, B., Grigoriadis, S., Velyvis, V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., MacQueen, G. M., et al. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716659418 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Goldberg, S. B., Riordan, K. M., Sun, S., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620968771 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
“This magnitude of heterogeneity is similar to estimates found in large-scale meta-analyses of evidence-based psychotherapies (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy; Cuijpers et al., 2011, 2013).”
MethodResultDepression in the Primary Care Setting
Park, L. T., & Zarate, C. A. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1712493 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Digital interventions for the treatment of depression: a meta-analytic review
Moshe, I., Terhorst, Y., Philippi, P., Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I., Pulkki-Råback, L., Baumeister, H., & Sander, L. B. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000334 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationSockol, L. E. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.052 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Quero, S., Noma, H., Ciharova, M., Miguel, C., Karyotaki, E., Cipriani, A., Cristea, I. A., & Furukawa, T. A. (2021) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20860 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citationCuijpers, P., Miguel, C., Harrer, M., Plessen, C. Y., Ciharova, M., Ebert, D., & Karyotaki, E. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21069 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise effects on depression: Possible neural mechanisms
Gujral, S., Aizenstein, H., Reynolds, C. F., Butters, M. A., & Erickson, K. I. (2017) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.012 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
van der Zweerde, T., Bisdounis, L., Kyle, S. D., Lancee, J., & van Straten, A. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.08.002 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Sieverink, F., Kelders, S. M., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8578 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Grist, R., Croker, A., Denne, M., & Stallard, P. (2019) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-018-0271-8 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Thomson, R., Igelström, E., Purba, A. K., Shimonovich, M., Thomson, H., McCartney, G., Reeves, A., Leyland, A. H., Pearce, A., & Katikireddi, S. V. (2022) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00058-5 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years
Berking, M., Wirtz, C. M., Svaldi, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.003 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationEvans, S., Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Klas, A., OLIVE, L. S., Sciberras, E., Karantzas, G. C., & Westrupp, E. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Gemmill, A. W., Holt, C., Holt, C. J., Seeley, J. R., Tyler, M. S., Ross, J., & Ericksen, J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4993 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S. D., van Straten, A., Bockting, C., Berking, M., & Andersson, G. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002542 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationRecognition and Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder
Zuckerman, H., Pan, Z., Park, C., Brietzke, E. M., Musial, N., Shariq, A. S., Iacobucci, M., Yim, S. J., Lui, L. M. W., Rong, C., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00655 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P. (2017) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000096 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, C. T., Lyubomirsky, S., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22593 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Anxiety: There is an app for that. A systematic review of anxiety apps: SUCALA et al.
Sucala, M., Cuijpers, P., Muench, F., Cardoș, R., Soflau, R., Dobrean, A., Achimas-Cadariu, P., & David, D. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22654 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationRozental, A., Kottorp, A., Boettcher, J., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157503 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationA Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Luoma, J. B., Chwyl, C., Bathje, G. J., Davis, A. K., & Lancelotta, R. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1769878 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Targets and Outcomes of Psychotherapies for Mental Disorders: An Overview
Cuijpers, P. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20661 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationCommon versus specific factors in psychotherapy: opening the black box
Mulder, R., Murray, G., & Rucklidge, J. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30100-1 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Chaves, C., Lopez-Gomez, I., Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9778-9 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Managing depression in older age: psychological interventions
Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Pot, A. M., Park, M., & Reynolds, C. F. (2014) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.027 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationForsell, E., Bendix, M., Holländare, F., Szymanska von Schultz, B., Nasiell, J., Blomdahl-Wetterholm, M., Eriksson, C., Kvarned, S., Lindau van der Linden, J., Söderberg, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.013 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Weitz, E. S., Hollon, S. D., Twisk, J., van Straten, A., Huibers, M. J. H., David, D., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Dunlop, B. W., Cristea, I. A., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1516 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationKarkou, V., Aithal, S., Zubala, A., & Meekums, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00936 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Amick, H. R., Gartlehner, G., Gaynes, B. N., Forneris, C., Asher, G. N., Morgan, L. C., Coker-Schwimmer, E., Boland, E., Lux, L. J., Gaylord, S., et al. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h6019 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Ho, F. Y.-Y., Yeung, W.-F., Ng, T. H.-Y., & Chan, C. S. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep29281 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Relapse rates after psychotherapy for depression – stable long-term effects? A meta-analysis
Steinert, C., Hofmann, M., Kruse, J., & Leichsenring, F. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.043 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
50 years of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
David, D., Cotet, C., Matu, S., Mogoase, C., & Stefan, S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22514 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Davidson, R. J., Kearney, D. J., & Simpson, T. L. (2019) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1556330 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Depression in dialysis patients
King‐Wing, T., & Li, P. K. (2016) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.12742 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
Molyneaux, E., Howard, L. M., McGeown, H. R., Karia, A. M., & Trevillion, K. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002018.pub2 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A meta-analysis on heart rate variability biofeedback and depressive symptoms
Pizzoli, S. F. M., Marzorati, C., Gatti, D., Monzani, D., Mazzocco, K., & Pravettoni, G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86149-7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Hitchcock, C., Werner-Seidler, A., Blackwell, S. E., & Dalgleish, T. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.003 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Psychotherapies for depression in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., Purgato, M., & Barbui, C. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20493 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationLogan, A., & Jacka, F. (2014) · Journal of Physiological Anthropology · doi:10.1186/1880-6805-33-22 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Wasil, A. R., Venturo-Conerly, K. E., Shingleton, R. M., & Weisz, J. R. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103498 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Mausbach, B., Schwab, R. B., & Irwin, S. A. (2015) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-015-3471-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Interventions for Depressed Mothers and Their Young Children
Goodman, S. H., & Garber, J. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12732 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Hensel, L., Witte, M., Caria, S. A., Fetzer, T., Fiorin, S., Götz, F. M., Gomez, M., Haushofer, J., Ivchenko, A., Kraft‐Todd, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2021.11.015 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Weitz, E., Twisk, J., Kuehner, C., Cristea, I., David, D., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Dunlop, B. W., Faramarzi, M., et al. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22328 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationOpen trial of a personalized modular treatment for mood and anxiety
Fisher, A. J., Bosley, H. G., Fernandez, K. C., Reeves, J. W., Soyster, P. D., Diamond, A. E., & Barkin, J. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.010 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Ethnically Diverse Populations
Huey, S. J., Park, A. L., Galán, C. A., & Wang, C. X. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-072750 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Kleiboer, A., Smit, J., Bosmans, J., Ruwaard, J., Andersson, G., Topooco, N., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Botella, C., Baños, R., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1511-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationMarkowitz, J. C., Milrod, B. L., Heckman, T. G., Bergman, M., Amsalem, D., Zalman, H., Ballas, T., & Neria, Y. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050557 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Chapter 33. Neuroscience of Psychotherapy
Vaughan, S., & Ahmed, M. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375233.gg33 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Hollon, S. D. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1395922 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationAli, S., Rhodes, L., Moreea, O., McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., Leach, C., Lucock, M., Lutz, W., & Delgadillo, J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.006 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Boschloo, L., Bekhuis, E., Weitz, E. S., Reijnders, M., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Dunner, D. L., Dunlop, B. W., Hegerl, U., Hollon, S. D., et al. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20630 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationCristea, I. A., Huibers, M. J. H., David, D., Hollon, S. D., Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.003 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the Efficiency of Psychotherapy for Depression: Computer-Assisted Versus Standard CBT
Thase, M. E., Wright, J. H., Eells, T. D., Barrett, M. S., Wisniewski, S. R., Balasubramani, G. K., McCrone, P., & Brown, G. K. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010089 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
In pursuit of truth: A critical examination of meta-analyses of cognitive behavior therapy
Wampold, B. E., Flückiger, C., Re, A. C. D., Yulish, N. E., Frost, N. D., Pace, B. T., Goldberg, S. B., Miller, S. D., Baardseth, T. P., Laska, K. M., et al. (2016) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1249433 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Psychological treatment of depression: A systematic overview of a 'Meta-Analytic Research Domain'
Cuijpers, P., Miguel, C., Harrer, M., Plessen, C. Y., Ciharova, M., Papola, D., Ebert, D., & Karyotaki, E. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.011 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., Spaan, P., Dusseldorp, E., & Kraaij, V. (2017) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1757-y · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Sundquist, J., Lilja, Å., Palmér, K., Memon, A. A., Wang, X., Johansson, L. M., & Sundquist, K. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.150243 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Personalized Psychotherapy for Adult Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review
Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Acarturk, C., Andersson, G., & Cristea, I. A. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.04.007 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationHuibers, M. J. H., Lorenzo‐Luaces, L., Cuijpers, P. J., & Kazantzis, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607508 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationPaulus, D. J., Vanwoerden, S., Norton, P. J., & Sharp, C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.014 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Who benefits from psychotherapies for adult depression? A meta-analytic update of the evidence
Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1420098 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationCiharova, M., Furukawa, T. A., Efthimiou, O., Karyotaki, E., Miguel, C., Noma, H., Cipriani, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2021) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000654 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Stress and Its Effects on Vascular Health
Sara, J. D. S., Toya, T., Ahmad, A., Clark, M. M., Gilliam, W. P., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2022) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.02.004 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Aguilera, A., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Demasi, O., & Avila, P. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6914 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Richards, D., Richardson, T., Timulak, L., & McElvaney, J. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.07.003 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“More particularly, based on 94 comparisons from 75 studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in adults vs. a control group yielded an effect size of g= 0.71 (Cuijpers et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialRaedt, R. D., Vanderhasselt, M., & Baeken, C. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.10.006 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Brakemeier, E., Merkl, A., Wilbertz, G., Quante, A., Regen, F., Bührsch, N., van Hall, F., Kischkel, E., Danker‐Hopfe, H., Anghelescu, I. G., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.030 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Jannati, N., Mazhari, S., Ahmadian, L., & Mirzaee, M. (2020) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104145 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Diedrich, A., Hofmann, S. G., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.04.003 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, A., Borhneimer, L. A., Weaver, A., Franklin, C., Hai, A. H., Guz, S., & Li, S. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-019-00046-z · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A meta-analytic review of psychodynamic therapies for anxiety disorders
Keefe, J. R., McCarthy, K. S., Dinger, U., Zilcha‐Mano, S., & Barber, J. P. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.004 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Radkovsky, A., McArdle, J. J., Bockting, C. L. H., & Berking, M. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035828 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression and Healthcare Service Utilization in Patients with Cancer
Mausbach, B. T., & Irwin, S. A. (2016) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4133 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis
Santoft, F., Axelsson, E., Öst, L.-G., Hedman-Lagerlöf, M., Fust, J., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718004208 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Kleiboer, A., Karyotaki, E., & Riper, H. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22641 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationAntidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
Brown, J. V. E., Wilson, C. A., Ayre, K., Robertson, L., South, E., Molyneaux, E., Trevillion, K., Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013560.pub2 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Wojnarowski, C., Firth, N., Finegan, M., & Delgadillo, J. (2019) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465819000080 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Negative effects of psychotherapies for adult depression: A meta-analysis of deterioration rates
Cuijpers, P., Reijnders, M., Karyotaki, E., de Wit, L., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.050 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationEuteneuer, F., Dannehl, K., del Rey, A., Engler, H., Schedlowski, M., & Rief, W. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.76 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Rice, S., D'Alfonso, S., Leicester, S., Bendall, S., Pryor, I., Russon, P., McEnery, C., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Da Costa, G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17155 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Easter, G., Sharpe, L., & Hunt, C. J. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsv012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Empirical Status of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy - An Update: Bambi's Alive and Kicking
Leichsenring, F., Leweke, F., Klein, S., & Steinert, C. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000376584 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
How do you make me feel better? Social cognitive emotion regulation and the default mode network
Xie, X.-Y., Bratec, S. M., Schmid, G., Meng, C., Doll, A., Wohlschläger, A., Finke, K., Förstl, H., Zimmer, C., Pekrun, R., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.015 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Barry, D. T., Cutter, C. J., Beitel, M., Kerns, R. D., Liong, C., & Schottenfeld, R. S. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15m09963 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
An affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults
Tabibnia, G. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The neurodevelopmental effects of serotonin: A behavioural perspective
Kepser, L.-J., & Homberg, J. R. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.022 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Ormel (2019) · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000505 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Riper, H. M., Smit, F., Cuijpers, P. J., & Berking, M. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000438673 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationKnapstad, M., Nordgreen, T., & Smith, O. R. F. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1838-0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Divergent outcomes in cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression
Vittengl, J. R., Jarrett, R. B., Weitz, E., Hollon, S. D., Twisk, J., Cristea, I., David, D., DeRubeis, R. J., Dimidjian, S., Dunlop, B. W., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040492 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Andersson, G., Quigley, L., Kleiboer, A., & Dobson, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Cuijpers, Pim
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 376-385
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W2142420226
- Cited by
- 1,066
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, adult depression, psychotherapy efficacy, pharmacotherapy, combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, publication bias, treatment effect size, number needed to treat, psychotherapy comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
