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Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide; with evidence suggesting that decreased gut barrier function and inflammation are correlated with depressive symptoms. We conducted a clinical trial to determine the effect of consumption of probiotic supplements (Winclove's Ecologic® Barrier) on depressive symptoms in a sample of participants with mild to severe depression. METHOD: 71 participants were randomly allocated to either probiotic or placebo, which was, consumed daily over eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measures of symptoms and vulnerability markers of depression as well as gut microbiota composition were compared. Clinical trial participants were also compared on psychological variables and gut microbiota composition to a non-depressed group (n = 20). RESULTS: All clinical trial participants demonstrated improvement in symptoms, suggesting non-specific therapeutic effects associated with weekly monitoring visits. Participants in the probiotic group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in cognitive reactivity compared with the placebo group, particularly in the mild/moderate subgroup. Probiotics did not significantly alter the microbiota of depressed individuals, however, a significant correlation was found between Ruminococcus gnavus and one depression metric. LIMITATIONS: There was a high attrition rate, which may be attributed to weekly monitoring visits. Additionally, modulation of the gut microbiota may need more specific testing to distinguish subtle changes. CONCLUSIONS: While microbiota composition was similar between all groups, probiotics did affect a psychological variable associated with susceptibility to depression. Further research is needed to investigate how probiotics can be utilised to modify mental wellbeing, and whether they can act as an adjunct to existing treatments.
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“Casertano et al. (2024) and Chahwan et al. (2019) reported reductions in maladaptive cognitive reactivity and rumination without broad mood changes”
From Psychobiotics in mental health: insights from human clinical trials via the gut-brain axis (2026) · cites this paper as Chahwan et al. (2019)
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“However, probiotics did not significantly alter the microbiota composition in the depressed participants, though a correlation was found between Ruminococcus gnavus and one depression metric.”
From Psychobiotics in mental health: insights from human clinical trials via the gut-brain axis (2026) · cites this paper as Chahwan et al., 2019
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“Despite a high attrition rate and the need for more specific microbiota analysis, the study suggests that psychobiotics can positively affect psychological variables related to depression susceptibility.”
From Psychobiotics in mental health: insights from human clinical trials via the gut-brain axis (2026) · cites this paper as Chahwan et al., 2019
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“While all participants showed some improvement, those in the psychobiotic group experienced a significantly greater reduction in cognitive reactivity, particularly in those with mild to moderate depression.”
From Psychobiotics in mental health: insights from human clinical trials via the gut-brain axis (2026) · cites this paper as Chahwan et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chahwan, B., Kwan, S., Isik, A., van Hemert, S., Burke, C., & Roberts, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Winclove Probiotics (Netherlands) (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Burke, Catherine
- Roberts, Lynette
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 253
- Pages
- 317-326
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944223773
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 20.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- probiotics, depressive symptoms, depression, gut microbiota, Ruminococcus gnavus, cognitive reactivity, intestinal barrier, inflammation, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Placebos, Research Design, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics
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