The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: a systematic review
Abstract
The gut microbiota is the set of microorganisms present in the gut, and it is connected to the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. Despite there is not a definitive description of the eubiotic microbiota architecture, numerous studies have demonstrated its involvement in human behaviour and its relationship with several pathologies. This is a systematic review about the association between dysbiosis on the gut microbiota and the presence of neurological or neuropsychiatric diseases such as cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ADHD, and depression. Furthermore, this study analyzes the potential benefits of psychobiotics supplementation for these pathologies. Searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and PsycINFO. 17 articles were included in this review, the majority were published after 2019. The results showed that gut dysbiosis predicts the development of these pathologies and influences their pathogenesis. In addition, it was found that different psychobiotics, mainly dietary fibers and probiotics of the Lactobacillus family, improved different cognitive functions such as cognitive performance and induce a reduced cortisol response. Improvement in different cognitive functions is possible when understanding gut microbiota-brain axis, enteric nervous system, neural-immune system, neuroendocrine system, and central nervous system's relationship.
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The gut microbiota plays a role in human metabolism, gut homeostasis, maintenance of the integrity of the gut barrier, immune development, immunomodulation, prevention of pathogens, and brain processes and behavior.
“The gut microbiota plays a role in human metabolism (including food and drug metabolism); gut homeostasis; maintenance of the integrity of the gut barrier; immune development, immunomodulation, and prevention of pathogens; and brain processes and behavior (15, 16).”
From Modulation of the gut–brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
Interventions such as dietary fiber supplementation or probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.) have been shown to improve cognitive function and modulate HPA axis activity, reducing cortisol response.
“Additionally, interventions such as dietary fiber supplementation or probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.) have been shown to improve cognitive function and modulate HPA axis activity (reducing cortisol response).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [486]
Dysbiosis can predict the development of neurocognitive impairment disorders and influence their pathogenesis.
“Barrio et al. reviewed the association between the GM and conditions with neurocognitive impairment, finding that dysbiosis can predict the development of these disorders and influence their pathogenesis (486).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [486]
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Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Barrio, C., Arias-Sánchez, S., & Martín-Monzón, I.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Sevilla (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Martín-Monzón, Isabel
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 137
- Pages
- 105640
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200035812
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, psychobiotics, dysbiosis, neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, probiotics, Lactobacillus, dietary fiber, cortisol response, enteric nervous system, neuroendocrine system
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain, Humans, Probiotics, Microbiota, Dysbiosis
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