The relationship between minority stress factors and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst transgender and gender non-conforming adults: A systematic review
Abstract
Background The impact of Minority Stress (MS) upon suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) adults is not sufficiently understood, hence our intervention efforts on an individual and societal level are limited. This review aims to evaluate recent literature that reports on the association between MS and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst TGNC adults.Methods PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE were systematically searched for relevant articles. Peer reviewed and grey literature were considered. Included papers reported quantitative analyses on associations between MS factors and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst TGNC adults. The quality of papers was assessed.Results 28 papers were identified as eligible. Findings suggested positive associations between external and internal minority stressors and suicidal ideation and behaviour. Dysfunctional individual coping was associated with a greater likelihood of suicide attempts. Community resilience was negatively associated with suicidal outcomes, but did not consistently buffer the effects of minority stress.Limitations Overall quality of included papers was 'poor'. Almost all papers were cross-sectional by design, therefore causality cannot be inferred. Many papers measured variables using non-standardised measures undermining the reliability and validity of reported results.Conclusions Findings offer support to the application of MS theory to the understanding of suicidal ideation and behaviour amongst TGNC. Future research should use standardised measures and longitudinal designs to better support the investigation of directionality and causality. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between minority stress factors and the role of resilience in this population.
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Even within the LGBTQIA+ spectrum, TGD individuals are disproportionately impacted by mental illness.
“Even within the LGBTQIA+ spectrum, TGD individuals are disproportionately impacted by mental illness”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
TGD individuals experience depression, anxiety, and suicidality at higher rates than cisgender LGB and queer individuals.
“they experience depression, anxiety, and suicidality at higher rates than cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), and queer individuals [6,7,8,15].”
From A Phenomenological Investigation into Cyberbullying as Experienced by People Identifying as Transgender or Gender Diverse (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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Transidentité chez l’adulte, aspects relatifs à la santé mentale
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Queer minority stress and resilience in everyday life
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Discriminatory Experiences, Self-Medication, and Attempted Suicide Among Transgender Adults
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Testing Predictors of Change in Suicide Ideation Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults
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- Authors
- Gosling, H., Pratt, D., Montgomery, H., & Lea, J.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lea, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 303
- Pages
- 31-51
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200473415
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Manchester
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- minority stress, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, transgender adults, external stressors, dysfunctional coping, community resilience, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Suicide, Attempted, Reproducibility of Results, Suicidal Ideation, Transgender Persons
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