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Cited by 211Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesYouth, Drugs, and ViolenceAdolescent Health and Behaviors

Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from a Study in Selected Central American Countries

Kliewer, Wendy, Murrelle, Lenn·2007·Journal of Adolescent Health
DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.148
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Abstract

Purpose To identify the prevalence of substance use and problems with use, and risk and protective factors at different levels of the adolescent's ecology associated with substance use among adolescents in selected Central American countries.Methods Results of a survey of 17,215 students from Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala conducted in 2000-2001 served as the basis for the analyses. Lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and five other drugs (inhalants, tranquilizers, cocaine, crack, and ecstasy), and problems with drugs and alcohol were the outcome variables. Risk factors included dysregulation, family problems with drugs/alcohol, negative family interactions, school disengagement, peer deviance, and exposure to community violence. Protective factors included a personal belief in God, positive family interactions, parent religiosity, and positive student-teacher interaction. Both hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to model main and interaction effects of risk and protective factors.Results There was a linear association between number of risk and protective factors and substance use, however, risk factors were more strongly associated with substance use than were protective factors. There were significant risk-by-protective-factor interactions for alcohol and marijuana use, and for problems with drugs and alcohol. Risk interacted most consistently with a personal belief in God, but also with parent religiosity and with student-teacher communication.Conclusions It is important to consider risk and protective factors at different levels of an adolescent's ecology. Prevention and intervention efforts should focus on interactions adolescents have in different microsystems (e.g., with parents, teachers, and peers).

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  • Of the 145 alcohol studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships and only one study found a positive relationship.

    “Of the 145 studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships [206–221] and only one study found a positive relationship [222].”

    From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [215]

  • If Strine et al.'s participants are set aside and focus is on six studies with similar age ranges and their 31,034 participants, collectively these large representative sample correlational and retrospective studies provide strong evidence that negative family interactions that include witnessing family violence play a significant role in the development of substance misuse issues.

    “If we set aside Strine et al.'s 7,279 participants and focus on the findings from the six studies that reported similar age ranges (Kaufman et al., 2007; Kliewer & Murrelle, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2011; Zinzow et al., 2009) and the data from their 31,034 participants, collectively, these large, representative sample correlational and retrospective studies provide strong evidence”

    From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Kliewer & Murrelle, 2007

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Authors
Kliewer, W., & Murrelle, L.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author
Kliewer, Wendy
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Adolescent Health
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-05
Volume
40
Issue
5
Pages
448-455
ISSN
1054-139X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.148
OpenAlex
W2035529961
Cited by
211
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
FWCI
7.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
Keywords
adolescent substance use, risk factors, protective factors, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, tobacco use, drug use problems, family dysfunction, peer deviance, community violence exposure, religiosity, student-teacher interaction, school disengagement, Central America, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Marijuana Abuse, Central America, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cultural Characteristics, Developing Countries, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Primary Prevention, Probability, Regression Analysis, Religion, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Substance-Related Disorders

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