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Cited by 843Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentYouth, Drugs, and Violence

Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood

Stone, Andrea L., Becker, Linda G., Huber, Alice M., Catalano, Richard F.·2012·Addictive Behaviors
DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014
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Abstract

This review examines the evidence for longitudinal predictors of substance use and abuse in emerging adulthood. Nationally representative data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health suggest that many substance use problems reach their peak prevalence during emerging adulthood (usually defined as the period from age 18 to age 26). This stage of development is characterized by rapid transitions into new social contexts that involve greater freedom and less social control than experienced during adolescence. Concurrent with this newfound independence is an increase in rates of substance use and abuse. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with emerging adult substance use problems is an important step in developing interventions targeting those problems. While multiple reviews have examined risk and protective factors for substance use during adolescence, and many of these earlier predictors may predict emerging adult substance use, few studies have focused primarily on the emerging adult outcomes examining predictors from both adolescence and emerging adulthood. This review used the databases PubMed and PsycInfo to identify articles pertaining to longitudinal predictors of substance use problems in emerging adulthood, building from the conceptual framework presented in a review on risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse by Hawkins and colleagues (Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Predictors identified as predictors of substance use in adolescence, sometimes decreased in strength and in one case reversed direction. Unique predictors in emerging adulthood were also identified. Implications for prevention science during adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014

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  • Several biological and social factors have been associated with increased risk of SUDs, including male sex, genetics, younger age of substance use initiation, childhood adverse experiences, and psychiatric comorbidities.

    “Several biological and social factors have been associated with increased risk of SUDs 75 , including male sex, genetics, younger age of substance use initiation, childhood adverse experiences, and psychiatric comorbidities.”

    From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [75]

  • Academic success is associated with a healthy diet, lower cigarette, alcohol, and drug use, and higher physical activity.

    “Indirectly, reading could also encourage healthy behaviours in young people by enhancing academic success (OECD, 2002) and reducing the risk of depression (Dowrick et al., 2012), which are in turn associated with a healthy diet (Doku et al., 2011; Gillen et al., 2012), lower cigarette, alcohol, and drug use (Stone et al., 2012), and higher physical activity (Roshanaei-moghaddam et al., 2009).”

    From Reading for pleasure in childhood and adolescent healthy behaviours: Longitudinal associations using the Millennium Cohort Study (2020) · cites this paper as Stone et al., 2012

  • Reduced risk of depression is associated with a healthy diet, lower cigarette, alcohol, and drug use, and higher physical activity.

    “Indirectly, reading could also encourage healthy behaviours in young people by enhancing academic success (OECD, 2002) and reducing the risk of depression (Dowrick et al., 2012), which are in turn associated with a healthy diet (Doku et al., 2011; Gillen et al., 2012), lower cigarette, alcohol, and drug use (Stone et al., 2012), and higher physical activity (Roshanaei-moghaddam et al., 2009).”

    From Reading for pleasure in childhood and adolescent healthy behaviours: Longitudinal associations using the Millennium Cohort Study (2020) · cites this paper as Stone et al., 2012

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Authors
Stone, A. L., Becker, L. G., Huber, A. M., & Catalano, R. F.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington Bothell (US)
  • Washington Department of Social and Health Services (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Stone, Andrea L.
ORCID
Stone, Andrea L.
Venue
Addictive Behaviors
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-07
Volume
37
Issue
7
Pages
747-775
ISSN
0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014
OpenAlex
W1997516720
Cited by
843
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 6
FWCI
5.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (5U79SPO11193-95)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
Keywords
emerging adulthood, substance use, substance abuse, risk factors, protective factors, adolescent substance use, coming of age, social control, prevention science, longitudinal predictors
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Facilitation, Socioeconomic Factors, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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