Sensitization and Exposure to Pets: The Effect on Asthma Morbidity in the US Population
Open accessAbstract
Background Although pets are found in more than 50% of US homes, the effect of pet allergen exposure on asthma morbidity in the US population is not well documented.Objective To determine the effect of dog and cat allergen exposures on asthma morbidity in the US population.Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a representative sample of civilian US population. Data on asthma, dog and cat allergen levels in bedroom dust, as well as specific IgE to dog and cat were analyzed for all participants 6 years or older.Results Pets are common in the United States, with more that 50% of households having a dog or a cat or both. The prevalence of allergic sensitization in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population was similar for dog and cat, with both being approximately 12%. Among those who were sensitized, exposure to elevated levels of pet allergens was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma and asthma attacks. Indeed, 44.2% of the asthma attacks were attributable to exposure to high levels of dog allergen in the bedroom among patients with asthma sensitive to dog and 30.3% were attributable to cat allergen exposure among the comparable cat-sensitive and exposed group. Projecting these results to the US population indicates more than 1 million increased asthma attacks each year for the dog-sensitive and exposed group and more than 500,000 increased asthma attacks for the cat-sensitive and exposed population of patients with asthma.Conclusions Exposure to elevated levels of dog and cat allergens among those sensitized individuals with asthma is associated with excess asthma attacks. Reducing pet allergen exposures has the potential for a significant decrease in asthma morbidity.
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Longer exposure to indoor allergens can raise asthma-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and the need for asthma medication.
“Prolonged exposure to these allergens can increase asthma-related hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and need for asthma medication use (11, 12, 13).”
From Indoor Allergen Interventions in Homes and Schools for Managing Asthma (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results and Discussion report more asthma-related emergency care visits among people with asthma who were sensitized and exposed to elevated pet allergens. The paper does not establish that prolonged exposure increases risk, does not report hospitalizations, and explicitly says medication use was not included in its analyses. Its medication discussion describes an association reported by an earlier study, not a finding of this analysis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Gergen, P. J., Mitchell, H. E., Calatroni, A., Sever, M. L., Cohn, R. D., Salo, P. M., Thorne, P. S., & Zeldin, D. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Rho (United States) (US)
- Social and Scientific Systems (United States) (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gergen, Peter J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-107.e2
- ISSN
- 2213-2198 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5756688
- OpenAlex
- W2724616620
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 8.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01ai25482-15-0-1, Z99 AI999999)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201000052I, N01 AI025482, UM2AI117870)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES025041, P30ES005605)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- pet allergens, dog allergen, cat allergen, asthma morbidity, allergen sensitization, specific IgE, asthma exacerbations, household pets, allergen exposure, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Allergens, Animals, Asthma, Cats, Child, Dogs, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immunization, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, United States, Prevalence, Air Pollution, Indoor, Young Adult, Pets
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