The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guidelines for reporting methodological challenges and evaluating potential bias in dementia research
Abstract
Clinical and population research on dementia and related neurologic conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, faces several unique methodological challenges. Progress to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies rests on valid and rigorous analytic approaches, but the research literature reflects little consensus on “best practices.” We present findings from a large scientific working group on research methods for clinical and population studies of dementia, which identified five categories of methodological challenges as follows: (1) attrition/sample selection, including selective survival; (2) measurement, including uncertainty in diagnostic criteria, measurement error in neuropsychological assessments, and practice or retest effects; (3) specification of longitudinal models when participants are followed for months, years, or even decades; (4) time‐varying measurements; and (5) high‐dimensional data. We explain why each challenge is important in dementia research and how it could compromise the translation of research findings into effective prevention or care strategies. We advance a checklist of potential sources of bias that should be routinely addressed when reporting dementia research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cognitive status predicts study participation.
“It is well established that cognitive status predicts study participation (Weuve et al. 2015)”
From Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature (2021) · cites this paper as Weuve et al. 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
the CONSORT Group, Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18 · Cited by 13,371
Vandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613
CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group* (2010) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00232 · Cited by 3,824
Vandenbroucke, J. P., Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010-w1 · Cited by 3,543
Improving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement
Begg, C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030 · Cited by 3,127
A structural approach to selection bias
Hernán, M. A., Hernández-Díaz, S., & Robins, J. M. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43 · Cited by 2,844
Little, J., Higgins, J. P. T., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Moher, D., Gagnon, F., von Elm, E., Khoury, M. J., Cohen, B., Davey-Smith, G., Grimshaw, J., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000022 · Cited by 811
Effect of literacy on neuropsychological test performance in nondemented, education-matched elders
MANLY, J. J., JACOBS, D. M., SANO, M., BELL, K., MERCHANT, C. A., SMALL, S. A., & STERN, Y. (1999) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561779953302x · Cited by 250
Power, M. C., Weuve, J., Gagne, J. J., McQueen, M. B., Viswanathan, A., & Blacker, D. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31822708b5 · Cited by 213
Self-citationA nonlinear model with latent process for cognitive evolution using multivariate longitudinal data
Proust, C., Jacqmin‐Gadda, H., Taylor, J. M. G., Ganiayre, J., & Commenges, D. (2006) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00573.x · Cited by 107
Measuring Cognitive Function With Age: The Influence of Selection by Health and Survival
Euser, S. M., Schram, M. T., Hofman, A., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31816a1d31 · Cited by 77
Blood Pressure and Cognition: Factors That May Account for Their Inconsistent Association
Power, M. C., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. J., Sparrow, D., Schwartz, J., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2013) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182a7121c · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 63
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009893 · DOI
- 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31816bbe14 · DOI
- 10.1007/s11065-008-9066-x · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/dys148 · DOI
- 10.1037/a0015566 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02125.x · DOI
- Kaufman JS, 2012, Epidemiologic methods are useless: They can only give you answers, Epidemiology, 23, 785, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31826c30e6 · DOI
- 10.1093/aje/kwm092 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52407.x · DOI
- 10.1093/gerona/glq115 · DOI
- 10.2105/AJPH.86.1.62 · DOI
- Raji MA, 2004, Cognitive status and incident disability in older Mexican Americans: Findings from the Hispanic established population for the epidemiological study of the elderly, Ethn Dis, 14, 26
- 10.1093/gerona/61.12.1330 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02818.x · DOI
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010262 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.05.006 · DOI
- 10.1186/1471-2458-6-185 · DOI
- 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31825727b5 · DOI
- 10.1093/biostatistics/3.3.433 · DOI
- 10.1017/S104161020900876X · DOI
- 10.1093/ije/dyt126 · DOI
- 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318230e861 · DOI
- 10.1002/sim.1821 · DOI
- 10.1214/09-STS293 · DOI
- 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182319159 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.arr.2008.11.001 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.177 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/archneur.64.3.392 · DOI
- McLaughlin T, 2010, Assessment of potential measures in models of progression in Alzheimer disease, Neurology, 75, 1256, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f6133d · DOI
- 10.1093/geronb/57.6.P548 · DOI
- 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000621 · DOI
- 10.1037/a0015618 · DOI
- 10.1348/000711003770480020 · DOI
- Salthouse TA, 2010, Major issues in cognitive aging
- 10.1080/13854046.2012.680913 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00236-3 · DOI
- 10.1037/a0023910 · DOI
- 10.1027/1016-9040.11.3.196 · DOI
- 10.1093/aje/kwr243 · DOI
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009034 · DOI
- 10.1093/gerona/53A.5.M337 · DOI
- 10.1002/sim.2098 · DOI
- 10.1002/ana.21509 · DOI · Paper page
- Hoffman L, 2012, Advances in Longitudinal Methods in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Scottsdale, 255
- 10.1080/15427600903578169 · DOI
- 10.1002/ana.22391 · DOI
- 10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.179 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000615/30)19:11/12<1555::AID-SIM445>3.0.CO;2-3 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00443.x · DOI
- 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1646 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318227b227 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/ana.22239 · DOI
- 10.1093/epirev/mxt008 · DOI
- Ritchie CW, 2012, The PREVENT study: A prospective cohort study to identify mid‐life biomarkers of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease, BMJ Open, 2, 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001893 · DOI
- 10.1016/0091-7435(75)90037-7 · DOI
- 10.1002/sim.5686 · DOI
- 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.09.001 · DOI
- 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000733 · DOI
- 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00033-9 · DOI
- 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00085-6 · DOI
- 10.4135/9781412976589.n27 · DOI
- 10.1093/eurheartj/eht001 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inequalities in dementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years
Mayeda, E. R., Glymour, M. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & Whitmer, R. A. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.12.007 · Cited by 883
“This is problematic because variability in diagnostic criteria can strongly influence estimates [9,10] and geographic patterns may also contribute to differences across studies [11].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPower, M. C., Adar, S. D., Yanosky, J. D., & Weuve, J. (2016) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.004 · Cited by 422
Self-citationSchwarzinger, M., Pollock, B. G., Hasan, O. S. M., Dufouil, C., Rehm, J., Baillot, S., Guibert, Q., Planchet, F., & Luchini, S. (2018) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30022-7 · Cited by 356
Self-citationWeuve, J., Barnes, L. L., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Rajan, K. B., Beck, T., Aggarwal, N. T., Hebert, L. E., Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2018) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000747 · Cited by 340
Self-citationGrande, G., Ljungman, P. L. S., Eneroth, K., Bellander, T., & Rizzuto, D. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4914 · Cited by 282
Wolters, F. J., Segufa, R. A., Darweesh, S. K. L., Bos, D., Ikram, M. A., Sabayan, B., Hofman, A., & Sedaghat, S. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.007 · Cited by 293
Albanese, E., Launer, L. J., Egger, M., Prince, M. J., Giannakopoulos, P., Wolters, F. J., & Egan, K. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2017.05.007 · Cited by 272
Weuve, J., Bennett, E. E., Ranker, L., Gianattasio, K. Z., Pedde, M., Adar, S. D., Yanosky, J. D., & Power, M. C. (2021) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp8716 · Cited by 209
Self-citationSocial participation and risk of developing dementia
Sommerlad, A., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Röhr, S., Shirai, K., Singh-Manoux, A., & Livingston, G. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0 · Cited by 207
Sproviero, W., Winchester, L., Newby, D., Fernandes, M., Shi, L., Goodday, S. M., Prats-Uribe, A., Alhambra, D. P., Buckley, N. J., & Nevado-Holgado, A. J. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.015 · Cited by 86
Predictors of attrition in a longitudinal population-based study of aging
Jacobsen, E., Ran, X., Liu, A., Chang, C.-C. H., & Ganguli, M. (2021) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220000447 · Cited by 85
Caunca, M. R., Odden, M. C., Glymour, M. M., Elfassy, T., Kershaw, K. N., Sidney, S., Yaffe, K., Launer, L., & Zeki Al Hazzouri, A. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0860 · Cited by 73
Self-citationSchliep, K. C., Mclean, H., Yan, B., Qeadan, F., Theilen, L. H., de Havenon, A., Majersik, J. J., Østbye, T., Sharma, S., & Varner, M. W. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19399 · Cited by 69
Statistics on the burden of dementia: need for stronger data
Launer, L. J. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30456-3 · Cited by 59
Shaw, C., Hayes-Larson, E., Glymour, M. M., Dufouil, C., Hohman, T. J., Whitmer, R. A., Kobayashi, L. C., Brookmeyer, R., & Mayeda, E. R. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1001 · Cited by 60
Self-citationAssociation of work-family experience with mid- and late-life memory decline in US women
Mayeda, E. R., Mobley, T. M., Weiss, R. E., Murchland, A. R., Berkman, L. F., & Sabbath, E. L. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010989 · Cited by 48
Artificial intelligence for dementia genetics and omics
Bettencourt, C., Skene, N., Bandres‐Ciga, S., Anderson, E., Winchester, L. M., Foote, I. F., Schwartzentruber, J., Botia, J. A., Nalls, M., Singleton, A., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13427 · Cited by 30
Bakulski, K. M., Vadari, H. S., Faul, J. D., Heeringa, S. G., Kardia, S. L. R., Langa, K. M., Smith, J. A., Manly, J. J., Mitchell, C. M., Benke, K. S., et al. (2021) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000576 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Weuve, J., Proust‐Lima, C., Power, M. C., Gross, A. L., Hofer, S. M., Thiébaut, R., Chêne, G., Glymour, M. M., Dufouil, C., & Initiative, M.
- Affiliations
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- INSERM U897, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Bordeaux School of Public Health Bordeaux University Bordeaux France
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard School of Public Heath Boston MA USA
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1098-1109
- ISSN
- 1552-5260
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC4655106
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 13
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
