Energy, Saturated Fat, and Sodium Were Lower in Entrées at Chain Restaurants at 18 Months Compared with 6 Months Following the Implementation of Mandatory Menu Labeling Regulation in King County, Washington
Abstract
Background Policies on menu labeling have been proposed as a method to improve the food environment. However, there is little information on the nutrient content of chain restaurant menu items and changes over time.Objective To evaluate the energy, saturated fat, and sodium content of entrées 6 and 18 months post-implementation of restaurant menu labeling in King County of Washington State for items that were on the menu at both time periods, and across all items at 6 and 18 months and to compare energy content to recommendations provided by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Setting Eligible restaurants included sit-down and quick-service chains (eg, burgers, pizza, sandwiches/subs, and Tex-Mex) subject to King County regulations with four or more establishments. One establishment per chain was audited at each time period.Statistical analyses Hypothesis one examined entrées that were on the menu at both time periods using a paired t test and hypothesis two compared quartiles at 6 months to the distribution at 18 months using a Mantel-Haentzel odds ratios and 95% CIs, and a Cochrane-Armitage test for trend. The content of entrées at 18 months was compared with one-third (assuming three meals per day) of the nutrient intake recommendations for adults provided by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Results The audit included 37 eligible chains of 92 regulated chains. Energy contents were lower (all chains -41, sit down -73, and quick service -19; paired t tests P<0.0001) for entrées that were on the menu at both time periods. There was a significant trend across quartiles for a decrease in energy, saturated fat, and sodium for all entrées at sit-down chains only. At 18 months entrées not designated for children exceeded 56%, 77%, and 89% of the energy, saturated fat, and sodium guidelines, respectively.Conclusions Modest improvements in the nutrient content of sit-down and quick-service restaurant entrées occurred but overall levels for energy, saturated fat, and sodium are excessive.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In a study of changes in nutrient content of adult entrees at sit-down and quick-service restaurant chains in the 18 months following jurisdiction-mandated menu labeling in King County, Washington, only very modest improvements were observed and levels of energy, saturated fat, and sodium remained excessive.
“In a study of changes in the nutrient content of adult entrees at sit-down and quick-service restaurant chains in the 18 months following jurisdiction-mandated menu labeling in King County, Washington, only very modest improvements were observed and levels of energy, saturated fat, and sodium remained excessive [8].”
From Comparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014 (2015) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Pereira, M. A., Kartashov, A. I., Ebbeling, C. B., Van Horn, L., Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17663-0 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Bowman, S., Gortmaker, S. L., Ebbeling, C. B., Pereira, M. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.1.112 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Fast food, race/ethnicity, and income
Block, J. P., Scribner, R. A., & DeSalvo, K. B. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.007 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Fast Food Consumption of U.S. Adults: Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Overweight Status
Bowman, S., & Vinyard, B. T. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719357 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
French, S. A., Harnack, L., & Jeffery, R. W. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801429 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Increased Portion Size Leads to Increased Energy Intake in a Restaurant Meal
Diliberti, N., Bordi, P. L., Conklin, M. T., Roe, L. S., & Rolls, B. J. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.64 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Larger Portion Sizes Lead to a Sustained Increase in Energy Intake Over 2 Days
Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S., & Meengs, J. S. (2006) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.014 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Pearlman, S. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390313511852 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Purchasing Behavior and Calorie Information at Fast-Food Chains in New York City, 2007
Bassett, M. T., Dumanovsky, T., Huang, C., Silver, L. D., Young, C., Nonas, C., Matte, T. D., Chideya, S., & Frieden, T. R. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.135020 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Harnack, L., French, S. A., Oakes, J. M., Story, M. T., Jeffery, R. W., & Rydell, S. A. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-63 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Harnack, L. J., & French, S. A. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-51 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Larson, N., Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Laska, M. N., & Story, M. T. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.007 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Piernas, C., & Popkin, B. M. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.138727 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The Impact of Menu Labeling on Fast-Food Purchases for Children and Parents
Tandon, P. S., Zhou, C., Chan, N. L., Lozano, P., Couch, S. C., Glanz, K., Krieger, J. W., & Saelens, B. E. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.033 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationConsumer purchasing patterns in response to calorie labeling legislation in New York City
Vadiveloo, M. K., Dixon, L. B., & Elbel, B. D. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-51 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Fast-food consumption and obesity among Michigan adults.
Anderson, B., Rafferty, A. P., Lyon-Callo, S. K., Fussman, C., & Imes, G. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Does Calorie Information Promote Lower Calorie Fast Food Choices Among College Students?
Gerend, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.06.014 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Rationale and Evidence for Menu-Labeling Legislation
Roberto, C. A., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.015 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Menu Labeling as a Potential Strategy for Combating the Obesity Epidemic: A Health Impact Assessment
Kuo, T., Jarosz, C. J., Simon, P. A., & Fielding, J. E. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.153023 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Driskell, J. A., Schake, M. C., & Detter, H. A. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.009 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kelly, M. T., Wallace, J. M. W., Robson, P. J., Rennie, K. L., Welch, R., Hannon-Fletcher, M. P. A., Brennan, S., Fletcher, A., & Livingstone, M. B. E. (2009) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508201960 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Pomeranz, J. L., & Brownell, K. D. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.128488 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Unique Authority of State and Local Health Departments to Address Obesity
Pomeranz, J. L. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.300023 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Availability of point-of-purchase nutrition information at a fast-food restaurant
Wootan, M. G., Osborn, M., & Malloy, C. J. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.07.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Roberto, C. A., Hoffnagle, E. E., Bragg, M. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2010) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898001000039x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Adolescent calorie/fat menu ordering at fast food restaurants compared to other restaurants.
Yamamoto, J. A., Yamamoto, J. B., Yamamoto, B. E., & Yamamoto, L. G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smart food policies for obesity prevention
Hawkes, C., Smith, T. G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J., Hammond, R. A., Friel, S., Thow, A. M., & Kain, J. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61745-1 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
An economy of scales: A selective review of obesity's economic causes, consequences, and solutions
Cawley, J. (2015) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.001 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Restaurant Menu Calorie Labeling
Long, M. W., Tobias, D. K., Cradock, A. L., Batchelder, H., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302570 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Bleich, S. N., Economos, C. D., Spiker, M. L., Vercammen, K. A., VanEpps, E. M., Block, J. P., Elbel, B. D., Story, M. T., & Roberto, C. A. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21940 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Gortmaker, S. L., Wang, Y. C., Long, M. W., Giles, C. M., Ward, Z. J., Barrett, J. L., Kenney, E. L., Sonneville, K. R., Afzal, A. S., Resch, S., et al. (2015) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0631 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Menu Labeling Regulations and Calories Purchased at Chain Restaurants
Krieger, J. W., Chan, N. L., Saelens, B. E., Ta, M., Solet, D., & Fleming, D. W. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.031 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing Behavioral Economics to Design More Effective Food Policies to Address Obesity
Liu, P. J., Wisdom, J., Roberto, C. A., Liu, L. J., & Ubel, P. A. (2013) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppt027 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Lee, K., Conklin, M. T., Cranage, D. A., & Lee, S. (2013) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.10.005 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Identifying the Effects of Environmental and Policy Change Interventions on Healthy Eating
Bowen, D. J., Barrington, W. E., & Beresford, S. A. A. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182516 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Restaurant Menu Labeling Policy: Review of Evidence and Controversies
VanEpps, E. M., Roberto, C. A., Park, S., Economos, C. D., & Bleich, S. N. (2016) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-016-0193-z · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Sisnowski, J., Street, J., & Merlin, T. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182581 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Littlewood, J. A., Lourenço, S., Iversen, C. L., & Hansen, G. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980015003468 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Cioffi, C. E., Levitsky, D. A., Pacanowski, C. R., & Bertz, F. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.053 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Morley, B., Scully, M. L., Martin, J. E., Niven, P., Dixon, H., & Wakefield, M. A. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hillier-Brown, F. C., Summerbell, C. D., Moore, H. J., Routen, A. C., Lake, A. A., Adams, J. M., White, M. J., Araújo‐Soares, V., Abraham, C., Adamson, A., et al. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12479 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Calorie labeling, Fast food purchasing and restaurant visits
Elbel, B. D., Mijanovich, T., Dixon, L. B., Abrams, C. B., Weitzman, B. C., Kersh, R., Auchincloss, A. H., & Ogedegbe, G. G. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20550 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cantu-Jungles, T. M., McCormack, L. A., Slaven, J. E., Slebodnik, M., & Eicher‐Miller, H. A. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9101088 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Olstad, D. L., Vermeer, J., McCargar, L. J., Prowse, R. J. L., & Raine, K. D. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.057 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bleich, S. N., Wolfson, J. A., Jarlenski, M., & Block, J. P. (2015) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0512 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Calorie Changes in Chain Restaurant Menu Items
Bleich, S. N., Wolfson, J. A., & Jarlenski, M. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.026 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Petimar, J., Zhang, F., Cleveland, L. P., Simon, D. N., Gortmaker, S. L., Polacsek, M., Bleich, S. N., Rimm, E. B., Roberto, C. A., & Block, J. P. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l5837 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
McCrory, M. A., Harbaugh, A. G., Appeadu, S., & Roberts, S. B. (2019) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.12.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Patiño, S. R., Zhou, M., Gomes, F. D. S., Lemaire, R. H., Hedrick, V. E., Serrano, E. L., & Kraak, V. I. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061544 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The impact of menu energy labelling across socioeconomic groups: A systematic review
Sarink, D., Peeters, A., Freak‐Poli, R., Beauchamp, A., Woods, J., Ball, K., & Backholer, K. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.022 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Calorie Changes in Large Chain Restaurants
Bleich, S. N., Wolfson, J. A., & Jarlenski, M. P. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.007 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Vandevijvere, S., & Vanderlee, L. (2019) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-019-00289-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cawley, J., Susskind, A. M., & Willage, B. (2020) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22219 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Nutritional Value of Meals at Full-service Restaurant Chains
Auchincloss, A. H., Leonberg, B. L., Glanz, K., Bellitz, S., Ricchezza, A., & Jervis, A. (2013) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2013.10.008 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Namba, A., Auchincloss, A., Leonberg, B. L., & Wootan, M. G. (2013) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd10.120224 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Larson, N., Haynos, A. F., Roberto, C. A., Loth, K. A., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Complex Relationship Between Diet And Health
Bleich, S. N., Jones‐Smith, J. C., Wolfson, J. A., Zhu, X., & Story, M. T. (2015) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0606 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Changes in the Energy and Sodium Content of Main Entrées in US Chain Restaurants from 2010 to 2011
Wu, H. W., & Sturm, R. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.035 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Calorie Labeling in Chain Restaurants and Body Weight: Evidence from New York
Restrepo, B. (2016) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3389 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Demise of Artificial Trans Fat: A History of a Public Health Achievement
Amico, A., Wootan, M. G., Jacobson, M. F., Leung, C. W., & Willett, W. C. (2021) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12515 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Christoforou, A., Trieu, K., Land, M., Bolam, B., & Webster, J. L. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206997 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Potential Benefits of Calorie Labeling in Restaurants
Block, J. P., & Roberto, C. A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.9239 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Changes in Eating Patterns and Diet Quality Among Working-Age Adults, 2005-2010Preprint
Todd, J. E., & Todd, J. E. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.262214 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kerins, C., McSharry, J., Hayes, C. B., Perry, I. J., Geaney, F., & Kelly, C. N. M. (2018) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0752-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Rehm, C. D., & Drewnowski, A. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8120804 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Evaluation of the impact of calorie labeling on McDonald’s restaurant menus: a natural experiment
Petimar, J., Ramirez, M., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Linakis, S. K., Mullen, J., Roberto, C. A., & Block, J. P. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0865-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Nutrition-Labeling Regulation Impacts on Restaurant Environments
Saelens, B. E., Chan, N. L., Krieger, J. W., Nelson, Y., Boles, M., Colburn, T. A., Glanz, K., Ta, M., & Bruemmer, B. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.07.025 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationGrummon, A. H., Petimar, J., Soto, M. J., Bleich, S. N., Simon, D. N., Cleveland, L. P., Rao, A., & Block, J. P. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41353 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dietary Sodium Intake in Type 2 Diabetes
Provenzano, L. F., Stark, S., Steenkiste, A. R., Piraino, B., & Sevick, M. A. (2014) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.32.3.106 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kraak, V. I., Englund, T. R., Misyak, S. A., & Serrano, E. L. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14070760 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wellard‐Cole, L., Goldsbury, D. E., Havill, M. A., Hughes, C., Watson, W. L., Dunford, E., & Chapman, K. L. (2017) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017003706 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hobin, E. P., White, C. A., Li, Y., Chiu, M., O'Brien, M. F., & Hammond, D. G. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013002498 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Murphy, S. A., Weippert, M. V., Dickinson, K. M., Scourboutakos, M. J., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Calorie changes in large chain restaurants from 2008 to 2015
Bleich, S. N., Wolfson, J. A., & Jarlenski, M. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Comparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014
Deierlein, A. L., Peat, K., & Claudio, L. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0066-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ng, S., Swinburn, B. A., Kelly, B., Vandevijvere, S., Yeatman, H. R., Ismail, M. N., & Karupaiah, T. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018002379 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Does Anything Work to Reduce Obesity? (Yes, Modestly)
Cawley, J. (2016) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-3524020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Menu labeling implementation in dine-in restaurants: the Public’s knowledge, attitude and practices
Radwan, H. M., Faroukh, E. M., & Obaid, R. S. (2017) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-017-0177-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Restaurant menu labelling: Is it worth adding sodium to the label?
Scourboutakos, M. J., Corey, P., Mendoza, J., Henson, S., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.105.4492 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Family eating out-of-home: a review of nutrition and health policies
McGuffin, L., Wallace, J. M. W., McCrorie, T. A., Price, R. K., Pourshahidi, L. K., & Livingstone, M. B. E. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s002966511200287x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Profit Versus Public Health: The Need to Improve the Food Environment in Recreational Facilities
Olstad, D. L., & Raine, K. D. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405682 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A New Method to Monitor the Contribution of Fast Food Restaurants to the Diets of US Children
Rehm, C. D., & Drewnowski, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103543 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Policies to Prevent Obesity and Promote Healthier Diets: A Critical Selective Review
Cawley, J., & Wen, K. J. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.278325 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Changes in sodium levels in chain restaurant foods in Canada (2010-2013): a longitudinal study
Scourboutakos, M. J., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2014) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20140028 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Role of Time in Fast-Food Purchasing Behavior in the United StatesPreprint
Hamrick, K. S., & Okrent, A. M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2677707 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Systematic Review on International Salt Reduction Policy in Restaurants
Ding, J., Sun, Y., Li, Y., He, J., Sinclair, H., Du, W., Wang, H., & Zhang, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249570 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Quader, Z. S., Patel, S., Gillespie, C., Cogswell, M. E., Gunn, J. P., Perrine, C. G., Mattes, R. D., & Moshfegh, A. J. (2016) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980016000392 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
What is driving increases in dietary quality in the United States?
Smith, T. A., Valizadeh, P., Lin, B., & Coats, E. M. (2019) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.05.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Policies to promote healthy portion sizes for children
Pomeranz, J. L., & Miller, D. P. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Healthiness of US Chain Restaurant Meals in 2017
Alexander, E., Rutkow, L., Gudzune, K. A., Cohen, J. E., & McGinty, E. E. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Calorie Labeling and Product Reformulation: A Longitudinal Analysis of Supermarket-Prepared Foods
Grummon, A. H., Petimar, J., Zhang, F., Rao, A., Gortmaker, S. L., Rimm, E. B., Bleich, S. N., Moran, A. J., Franckle, R. L., Polacsek, M., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.03.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Semnani‐Azad, Z., Scourboutakos, M. J., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2016) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-016-0056-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Product reformulation and nutritional improvements after new competitive food standards in schools
Jahn, J. L., Cohen, J. F. W., Gorski, M. T., Hoffman, J. A., Rosenfeld, L. E., Chaffee, R. K., Smith, L. A., & Rimm, E. B. (2017) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017003445 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Assessing the Early Impact of Menu-Labeling on Calories in Chain Restaurants in Ontario, Canada
Scourboutakos, M. J., Orr, S. K., Hobin, E. P., Murphy, S. A., Manson, H. E., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.01.017 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Essman, M., Burgoine, T., Huang, Y., Jones, A., Polden, M., Robinson, E., Sharp, S. J., Smith, R., White, M. J., & Adams, J. M. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001905 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kraak, V. I., Patiño, S. R., Renukuntla, D., & Kim, E. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152732 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Creating supportive eating places: a systematic review of food service initiatives
Carins, J., Pang, B., Willmott, T. J., Knox, K., Storr, R., Robertson, D., Rundle-Thiele, S. R., & Pettigrew, S. (2020) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaa155 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, J., Olendzki, B. C., Wedick, N. M., Persuitte, G. M., Culver, A. L., Li, W., Merriam, P. A., Carmody, J., Fang, H., Zhang, Z., et al. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-163 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Monitoring the Sodium Content of Restaurant Foods: Public Health Challenges and Opportunities
Maalouf, J., Cogswell, M. E., Gunn, J. P., Curtis, C. J., Rhodes, D. G., Hoy, K., Pehrsson, P. R., Nickle, M., & Merritt, R. K. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301442 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bowers, K. M., & Suzuki, S. (2013) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.130231 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Trends in the healthiness of U.S. fast food meals, 2008–2017
Alexander, E., Rutkow, L., Gudzune, K. A., Cohen, J. E., & McGinty, E. E. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00788-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
FOOD AWAY FROM HOME AND CALORIC INTAKE: THE ROLE OF RESTAURANT MENU LABELING LAWS
Todd, J. E., Mancino, L., Restrepo, B., Kavanaugh, C. J., Dicken, C., & Breneman, V. (2020) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12923 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Equity in Public Health Ethics: The Case of Menu Labelling Policy at the Local Level
Mah, C. L., & Timmings, C. (2014) · Public Health Ethics · doi:10.1093/phe/phu011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhao, B., & Yang, X. (2022) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102717 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Oh, A., Nguyen, A. B., & Patrick, H. (2016) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117116639565 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fuster, M., Guerrero, K., Elbel, B. D., Ray, K., & Huang, T. T. ‐. (2020) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.2020.1717481 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Policy Progress in Reducing Sodium in the American Diet, 2010–2019
Musicus, A. A., Kraak, V. I., & Bleich, S. N. (2020) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-040249 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Restaurant nutrition reporting and impact on surveillance
Niederman, S. A., Leonard, E., & Clapp, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2017.04.011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy
Alexander, E., Rutkow, L., Gudzune, K. A., Cohen, J. E., & McGinty, E. E. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020003961 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hamrick, K. S., & Okrent, A. M. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.170156 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Erdem, S. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2021-0432 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Susskind, A. M., Willage, B., & Cawley, J. (2023) · Cornell Hospitality Quarterly · doi:10.1177/19389655231214746 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Peng, K., Rodrı́guez, D. A., Hirsch, J. A., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2021) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-020-00257-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sisti, J. S., Prasad, D., Niederman, S. A., Mezzacca, T. A., Anekwe, A. V., Clapp, J. E., & Farley, S. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274648 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Menu labeling, calories, and nutrient density: Evidence from chain restaurants
Ho, D. E., Mbonu, O., McDonough, A., & Pottash, R. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232656 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Prasad, D., Jasek, J. P., Anekwe, A. V., Dominianni, C., Mezzacca, T. A., Sisti, J. S., Farley, S. M., & Kessler, K. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods for Menu Selection
İpek, S. L., & Göktürk, D. (2023) · Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science · doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1358895 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Ahmed, M., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15183992 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Heenan, M., Hart, A. C., Cullerton, K. B., Jan, S., & Shanthosh, J. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18053-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wu, T., Hu, P. F., Zou, M., Zhang, F., Zeng, H., Sharma, M., Zhao, Y., & Shi, Z. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131206 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ismail, L. C., Kassem, H., Osaili, T. M. I., Hashim, M. S., Obaid, R. S., Radwan, H. M., Mohamad, M. N., Saleh, S. T., Zomut, Z. A., Qiyas, S. J. A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293387 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interventions to reduce dietary salt intake in the out-of-home food sector: a systematic review
Olarewaju, V. O., Say, Y., & Chia, Y. C. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-00641-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Obesity 2 Smart food policies for obesity prevention
Hawkes, C., Smith, T. G., Jewell, J. M., Wardle, J., Hammond, R. A., Friel, S., Thow, A. M., & Kain, J. (2015) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Prevalence of menu label use and its association with calorie intake among US adults
Joshi, R. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107577 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Calorie labelling regulations in England: menu change not behaviour change?
Kalbus, A. I., & Rinaldi, C. (2025) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980025100682 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Menu planners’ adherence to nutritional guidelines in menu planning in Osu, Ghana
Addison-Akotoye, E., & Amenumey, E. K. (2017) · Oguaa Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.47963/joss.v8i1.310 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bruemmer, B., Krieger, J., Saelens, B. E., & Chan, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruemmer, Barbara
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1169-1176
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986539145
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 16.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Washington State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- menu labeling, nutrient content, energy content, saturated fat, sodium, sit-down restaurants, fast food restaurants, food environment, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, King County, Washington, food policy
- MeSH terms
- Energy Intake, Dietary Fats, Food Analysis, Food Labeling, Humans, Menu Planning, Nutritive Value, Restaurants, Sodium, Dietary, Time Factors, Washington, Nutrition Policy, Guideline Adherence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
