Effect of point-of-purchase calorie labeling on restaurant and cafeteria food choices: A review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Eating away from home has increased in prevalence among US adults and now comprises about 50% of food expenditures. Calorie labeling on chain restaurant menus is one specific policy that has been proposed to help consumers make better food choices at restaurants. The present review evaluates the available empirical literature on the effects of calorie information on food choices in restaurant and cafeteria settings. METHODS: Computer-assisted searches were conducted using the PUBMED database and the Google Scholar world wide web search engine to identify studies published in peer-review journals that evaluated calorie labeling of cafeteria or restaurant menu items. Studies that evaluated labeling only some menu items (e.g. low calorie foods only) were excluded from the review since the influence of selective labeling may be different from that which may be expected from comprehensive labeling. RESULTS: Six studies were identified that met the selection criteria for this review. Results from five of these studies provide some evidence consistent with the hypothesis that calorie information may influence food choices in a cafeteria or restaurant setting. However, results from most of these studies suggest the effect may be weak or inconsistent. One study found no evidence of an effect of calorie labeling on food choices. Each of the studies had at least one major methodological shortcoming, pointing toward the need for better designed studies to more rigorously evaluate the influence of point-of-purchase calorie labeling on food choices. CONCLUSION: More research is needed that meets minimum standards of methodological quality. Studies need to include behavioral outcomes such as food purchase and eating behaviors. Also, studies need to be implemented in realistic settings such as restaurants and cafeterias.
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In a controlled trial, adding caloric information to a fast-food menu did not alter food selection or consumption at a single meal in adolescents and adults who were regular patrons of fast-food restaurants.
“In a controlled trial, adding caloric information to a fast-food menu also did not alter food selection or consumption at a single meal in adolescents and adults who were regular patrons of fast-food restaurants.32”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Harnack, L. J., & French, S. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harnack, Lisa J
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2584065
- OpenAlex
- W2118807678
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 16.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
- Keywords
- calorie labeling, restaurant menus, food choice, eating out, food purchase behavior, dietary habits
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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