Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology

Vujanovic, Anka A.; Youngwirth, Nicole E.; Johnson, Kirsten A.; Zvolensky, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.005

Cited by 137Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology

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Vujanovic, Anka A., Youngwirth, Nicole E., Johnson, Kirsten A., Zvolensky, Michael J.·2009·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.005PMC PMC2655122

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Abstract

The present investigation examined the incremental predictive validity of mindfulness-based processes, indexed by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, in relation to posttraumatic stress symptom severity among individuals without any axis I psychopathology. Participants included 239 adults who endorsed exposure to traumatic life events. Results indicated that the Accepting without Judgment subscale was significantly incrementally associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms; effects were above and beyond the variance accounted for by negative affectivity and number of trauma types experienced. The Acting with Awareness subscale was incrementally associated with only posttraumatic stress-relevant re-experiencing symptoms; and no other mindfulness factors were related to the dependent measures. Findings are discussed in relation to extant empirical and theoretical work relevant to mindfulness and posttraumatic stress.

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Acceptance makes unique contributions to psychological health beyond other mindfulness facets such as observing, describing, acting with awareness, and non-reactivity.
“recent research suggests that acceptance makes unique contributions to psychological health, above and beyond other elements of mindfulness (e.g., observing present-moment experiences, describing internal experiences, acting with awareness, and non-reactivity to inner experiences) (Thompson & Waltz, 2010; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
From The psychological health benefits of accepting negative emotions and thoughts: Laboratory, diary, and longitudinal evidence (2018) · cites this paper as Vujanovic et al., 2009
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that acceptance was uniquely associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms independently of the other mindfulness dimensions studied. The claim broadens this finding to psychological health generally, whereas the study examined trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology. The paper assessed observing, describing, and acting with awareness, but not non-reactivity. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
These findings accord with prior evidence that acceptance and mindfulness affect PTS (Smith et al., 2011; Vujanovic et al., 2009).
“These findings accord with prior evidence that acceptance and mindfulness affect PTS (e.g., Smith et al., 2011;Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
From Experiential acceptance and trait‐mindfulness as predictors of analogue post‐traumatic stress. (2018) · cites this paper as Vujanovic et al., 2009
The Discussion reports associations between mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed adults without Axis I psychopathology. It also states that the study's cross-sectional, correlational design does not permit causal conclusions, so it does not establish that acceptance and mindfulness affect those symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Higher mindfulness is associated with lower PTS in trauma-exposed community members.
“and trauma-exposed community members (Vujanovic, Youngwirth, Johnson, & Zvolensky, 2009).”
From Experiential acceptance and trait‐mindfulness as predictors of analogue post‐traumatic stress. (2018) · cites this paper as Vujanovic, Youngwirth, Johnson, & Zvolensky, 2009

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Stephenson, K. R., Simpson, T. L., Martinez, M. E., & Kearney, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22323 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Building Acceptance and Decreasing Shame
Goldsmith, R. E., Gerhart, J. I., Chesney, S. A., Burns, J. W., Kleinman, B., & Hood, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587214533703 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction to Enhance Psychological Functioning and Improve Inflammatory Biomarkers in Trauma-Exposed Women: A Pilot Study
Gallegos, A. M., Lytle, M. C., Moynihan, J. A., & Talbot, N. L. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000053 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Changes in facets of mindfulness and posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome
Boden, M. T., Bernstein, A., Walser, R. D., Bui, L., Alvarez, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.011 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“However, few studies have tested their relations, most of which have been crosssectional and among non-clinical samples (Bernstein et al., 2011; Thompson and Waltz, 2010; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Background
Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial
Gawande, R., To, M. N., Pine, E., Griswold, T., Creedon, T. B., Brunel, A., Lozada, A., Loucks, E. B., & Schuman-Olivier, Z. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4739-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mindful Awareness and Non-judging in Relation to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Wahbeh, H., Lu, M. W., & Oken, B. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0064-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Another study of 239 adults who endorsed exposure to traumatic events again found that only the mindful nonjudging scale was a significant predictor in all PTSD symptom clusters (Vujanovic et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluential
A systematic review of randomized trials of mind-body interventions for PTSD
Niles, B. L., Mori, D. L., Polizzi, C., Pless Kaiser, A., Weinstein, E. S., Gershkovich, M., & Wang, C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22634 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Relation Between Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Police Officers
Chopko, B. A., & Schwartz, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.674442 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In one recent study Vujanovic, Youngworth, Johnson, and Zvolensky ( 2009 ) researched the predictive validity of the four Baer et al.”
Background
Concurrent Relations Between Mindful Attention and Awareness and Psychopathology Among Trauma-Exposed Adults: Preliminary Evidence of Transdiagnostic Resilience
Bernstein, A., Tanay, G., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.25.2.99 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Vujanovic et al. (2009) also found that the KIMS Acting With Awareness subscale was incrementally (negatively) associated with only posttraumatic stress–relevant reexperiencing symptoms; no other KIMS subscale (e.g., Observing, Describing) was related to the PTSD-dependent measures.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Simultaneous Treatment of Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Symptoms in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
Cole, M. A., Muir, J. J., Gans, J. J., Shin, L. M., D'Esposito, M., Harel, B. T., & Schembri, A. (2015) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00581 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Body Scan and Mindful Breathing Among Veterans with PTSD: Type of Intervention Moderates the Relationship Between Changes in Mindfulness and Post-treatment Depression
Colgan, D. D., Christopher, M., Michael, P., & Wahbeh, H. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0453-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Among traumatized adult samples, acting with awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance negatively predicted PTSD symptoms (Bernstein et al. 2011; Vujanovic et al. 2009).”
Acceptance, and Not Its Interaction with Attention Monitoring, Increases Psychological Well-Being: Testing the Monitor and Acceptance Theory of Mindfulness
Simione, L., Raffone, A., & Mirolli, M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01607-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness in trauma recovery: Prospective relations and mediating mechanisms
Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Aderka, I. M., & Bernstein, A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Changes in mindfulness skills and treatment response among veterans in residential PTSD treatment.
Owens, G. P., Walter, K. H., Chard, K. M., & Davis, P. A. (2012) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0024251 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Therapies for Sexual Dysfunction: a Review of Potential Theory-Based Mechanisms of Change
Stephenson, K. R. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0652-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“For example, a number of studies have suggested that Acting with Awareness and Non-Judgment may exhibit the strongest association with symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., Owens et al. 2012; Vujanovic et al. 2009; Wahbeh et al. 2011).”
Background
Childhood trauma and problem behavior: Examining the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and mindfulness processes
Roche, A. I., Kroska, E. B., Miller, M. L., Kroska, S. K., & O'Hara, M. W. (2019) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1455689 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and mindfulness facets in relation to suicide risk among firefighters
Stanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Tran, J. K., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22748 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Internalized HIV Stigma and Mindfulness: Associations With PTSD Symptom Severity in Trauma-Exposed Adults With HIV/AIDS
Gonzalez, A., Locicero, B., Mahaffey, B., Fleming, C., Harris, J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2016) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445515615354 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and social functioning impairment in Chinese adolescents following a tornado: Mediation of posttraumatic cognitive change.
Xu, W., Fu, G., An, Y., Yuan, G., Ding, X., & Zhou, Y.-Y. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.088 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cumulative Violence Exposure, Emotional Nonacceptance, and Mental Health Symptoms in a Community Sample of Women
Sundermann, J. M., Chu, A. T., & DePrince, A. P. (2012) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.710186 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Also, consistent with past research from acceptance-based models of psychopathology (e.g., S. C. Hayes et al., 2004; Vujanovic et al., 2009), higher levels of emotional nonacceptance among victims predicted greater symptom severity across all symptoms.”
Result
Exploring the relation between childhood trauma, temperamental traits and mindfulness in borderline personality disorder
Elices, M., Pascual, J. C., Carmona, C., Martín‐Blanco, A., Feliu‐Soler, A., Ruiz, E., Gomà‐i‐Freixanet, M., Pérez, V., & Soler, J. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0573-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress symptom severity and functional impairment in a trauma-exposed sample: A preliminary examination into the moderating role of valued living
Donahue, J. J., Khan's, H., Huggins, J., & Marrow, T. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.01.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The role of mindfulness as approach-based coping in the PTSD-substance abuse cycle
Bowen, S. W., Boer, D. D., & Bergman, A. L. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.043 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“These findings suggest that mindfulness training may foster more adaptive coping responses for individuals with comorbid PTSD and SUDs, as it is associated with the symptom sets independently (Karyadi, VanderVeen, & Cyders, 2014; Shorey, Brasfield, Anderson, & Stuart, 2014; Vujanovic et al., 2009), as well with mechan…”
Background
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity and Marijuana Use Coping Motives: A Test of the Mediating Role of Non-Judgmental Acceptance within a Trauma-Exposed Community Sample
Bonn‐Miller, M. O., Vujanovic, A. A., Twohig, M. P., Medina, J. L., & Huggins, J. L. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0013-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In the only relevant published empirical study to date, Vujanovic et al. (2009) determined that acting with awareness and non-judgmental acceptance, as indexed with the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer et al. 2004), were inversely associated with levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms among a samp…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Role of personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims
Puechlong, C., Weiss, K., Vigouroux, S. L., & Charbonnier, É. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101688 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress and alcohol use coping motives among a trauma-exposed community sample: The mediating role of non-judgmental acceptance
Vujanovic, A. A., Bonn‐Miller, M. O., & Marlatt, G. A. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.033 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Brief Mindfulness Program for Veterans in Primary Care with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Pigeon, W. R., Allen, C. E., Possemato, K., Bergen‐Cico, D., & Treatman, S. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0340-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The influence of sense of coherence and mindfulness on PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic cognitions in a sample of elderly Austrian survivors of World War II
Glück, T. M., Tran, U. S., Raninger, S., & Lueger‐Schuster, B. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161021500143x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Unlike previous research, we found no strong indication of a differential effect of the facets Nonjudging and Acting with Awareness with respect to mental health and posttraumatic symptoms (Vujanovic et al., 2009; Thompson and Waltz, 2010; Tran et al., 2014), compared to overall”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Moral Injury, Substance Use, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Military Personnel: An Examination of Trait Mindfulness as a Moderator
Davies, R. L., Prince, M. A., Bravo, A. J., Kelley, M. L., & Crain, T. L. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22403 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action
Colgan, D. D., Wahbeh, H., Pleet, M. M., Besler, K., & Christopher, M. (2017) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587216684999 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Experiential acceptance and trait‐mindfulness as predictors of analogue post‐traumatic stress.
Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. M. (2018) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12138 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“These findings accord with prior evidence that acceptance and mindfulness affect PTS (e.g., Smith et al., 2011; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Result
Effects of mindfulness training on posttraumatic stress symptoms from a community-based pilot clinical trial among survivors of intimate partner violence.
Gallegos, A. M., Heffner, K. L., Cerulli, C., Lück, P., McGuinness, S., & Pigeon, W. R. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000975 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A Multimodal Study of Childhood Trauma and Distress Tolerance in Young Adulthood
Berenz, E. C., Vujanovic, A. A., Rappaport, L. M., Kevorkian, S. S., Gonzalez, R., Chowdhury, N., Dutcher, C. D., Dick, D. M., Kendler, K. S., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1382636 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cumulative Childhood Trauma and Couple Satisfaction: Examining the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
Godbout, N., Harvey, F. M., Cyr, G., & Bélanger, C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01390-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…attitude towards inner experiences was identified as especially relevant to post-traumatic adaptation (Boughner et al. 2016; Thompson & Waltz 2010; Vujanovic et al. 2009), and might also be generalized to the partner, fostering empathetic and pro-relationship behaviors (Barnes et al. 2007; Birnie…”
BackgroundResult
Rationale and study design of a trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicidal behavior (MBCT-S) in military veterans
Kline, A., Chesin, M. S., Latorre, M., Miller, R. B., Hill, L. S., Shcherbakov, A., King, A. R., Stanley, B., Weiner, M. D., & Interian, A. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.015 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Veterans Exposed to Military Sexual Trauma: Rationale and Implementation Considerations
Gallegos, A. M., Cross, W. F., & Pigeon, W. R. (2015) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00448 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Morally injurious events, moral injury, and suicidality among recent-era veterans: The moderating effects of rumination and mindfulness
Hamrick, H. C., Kelley, M. L., & Bravo, A. J. (2020) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2019.1669509 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Randomized controlled trials of mind–body interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
Kaplan, J., Somohano, V. C., Zaccari, B., & O'Neil, M. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219296 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based psychotherapy approaches for first responders: from research to clinical practice
Chopko, B. A., Papazoglou, K., & Schwartz, R. C. (2018) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20180015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Building journalists’ resilience through mindfulness strategies
Pearson, M., McMahon, C., O’Donovan, A., & O’Shannessy, D. M. (2019) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/1464884919833253 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Acting with awareness and non-judgmental acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, abilities which are strengthened by mindfulness, are inversely related to important PTSD-related symptoms such as dissociation and reactivity (Garland and Roberts-Lewis, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Background
Trait mindfulness and PTSD symptom clusters: Considering the influence of emotion dysregulation
Reffi, A. N., Pinciotti, C. M., Darnell, B. C., & Orcutt, H. K. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dampening of positive affect is associated with posttraumatic stress following stressful life events
Boelen, P. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1851077 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rumination and PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed Latinos in primary care: is mindful attention helpful?
Viana, A. G., Paulus, D. J., Garza, M., Lemaire, C., Bakhshaie, J., Cardoso, J. B., Ochoa-Perez, M., Valdivieso, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.042 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…higher levels of mindful attention are negatively related to the intensity and frequency of psychopathology symptoms (Brown and Ryan, 2003; Carlson and Brown, 2005; Gonzalez et al., 2009; Vujanovic et al., 2007; Zvolensky et al., 2006), including PTSD (Bormann et al., 2014; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Reduced Reactivity to and Suppression of Thoughts Mediate the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Recovery Outcomes Following Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Stress
Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Yuval, K., Tanay, G., Aderka, I. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B., & Bernstein, A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0666-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Do Acceptance and Mindfulness Moderate the Relationship Between Maladaptive Beliefs and Posttraumatic Distress?
Shipherd, J. C., & Salters-pedneault, K. (2018) · Psychological Trauma · doi:10.1037/tra0000248 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In addition, consistent with previous studies (e.g., Baer & Lykins, 2011; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Meyer et al., 2013; Dahm et al., 2015; Call et al., 2015) mindfulness and acceptance were nega- tively associated with symptoms.”
Result
Mindfulness Skills and Anxiety-Related Cognitive Processes Among Young Adult Daily Smokers: A Pilot Test
Luberto, C. M., McLeish, A. C., Zvolensky, M. J., & Baer, R. A. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0052-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Initial work supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the KIMS with a variety of symptom measures of negative affect as well as emotional dysregulation (Dekeyser et al. 2008; McKee et al. 2007; Vujanovic et al. 2010; Vujanovic et al. 2009 ).”
ResultSelf-citation
Cumulative Trauma Exposure and Mindfulness in College Students
Im, S., Greenlaw, M., & Lee, J. E. (2020) · Journal of College Counseling · doi:10.1002/jocc.12147 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Cigarette Deprivation in the Prediction of Anxious Responding among Trauma-Exposed Smokers: A Laboratory Test
Vujanovic, A. A., Marshall‐Berenz, E. C., Beckham, J. C., Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq154 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Acting with Awareness and Distress Tolerance Relate to PTSD Symptoms Among Women with Substance Use Disorder
Arnaudova, I., & Amaro, H. D. L. A. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01362-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Autobiographical Memory and Mindfulness: a Critical Review with a Systematic Search
Dominguez, E., Casagrande, M., & Raffone, A. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01902-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Study of the links between emotional regulation strategies and sense of place in the expression of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in flood victims
Puechlong, C., Charbonnier, É., & Weiss, K. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101656 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The effect of mindfulness training on rumination and intrusions after analogue trauma
Kubota, R., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12410 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Vøllestad, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Trauma Specific (AAQ-TS): A study with Portuguese Colonial War Veterans.
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, T., Cunha, M., Duarte, J., & Walser, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.023 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Preliminary observational studies suggest that ACT may be an effective alternative for the treatment of PTSD (Batten and Hayes, 2005; Batten et al., 2009; Varra et al., Unpublished results; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Walser et al., 2013; Williams, 2006).”
Background
The role of mindful acceptance and lucid dreaming in nightmare frequency and distress
Tzioridou, S., Dresler, M., Sandberg, K., & Mueller, E. M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19624-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Associations between mindfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and posttraumatic growth in police academy cadets: An exploratory study
Chopko, B. A., Adams, R. E., Davis, J., Dunham, S. M., & Palmieri, P. A. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22803 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Is mindfulness protective against PTSD? A neurocognitive study of 25 Tsunami disaster survivors
Hagen, C., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Heir, T. (2016) · Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine · doi:10.1186/s12952-016-0056-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“study [9], in which only small or moderate correlations between trait MF and posttraumatic stress were found in individuals without axis I psychopathologies.”
BackgroundInfluential
Mindfulness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wahbeh, H. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch39 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychological mechanisms and neural correlates of trait mindfulness in emotion regulation: Testing a novel approach to the monitor and acceptance theory
Burić, I., Žderić, L., Onicas, A. I., Kolanović, M., & Collin, G. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100507 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…including reduced stress, depression, and anxiety (Cash & Whittingham, 2010; Hamill et al., 2015), decreased post-traumatic stress symptoms (Vujanovic et al., 2009; Wahbeh et al., 2011), and lower levels of worry, rumination, and negativity bias (Fisak & Von Lehe, 2012; Paul et al., 2013);…”
Background
The Role of Mindfulness and Embodiment in Group-Based Trauma Treatment
Tempone-Wiltshire, J. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia · doi:10.59158/001c.94979 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Abuse and Neglect and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women with Substance Use Disorders
Kahl, J., Holl, J., Grundmann, J., Lotzin, A., Hiller, P., Schroeder, K., Schulte, B., Barnow, S., & Schäfer, I. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1797805 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mindfulness and meditation in the conceptualization and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Vujanovic, A. A., Niles, B. L., & Abrams, J. L. (2016) · Mindfulness and Buddhist-Derived Approaches in Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_11 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Associations between Mindfulness Facets and PTSD Symptom Severity in Psychiatric Inpatients
Martin, C. E., Bartlett, B. A., Reddy, M. K., Gonzalez, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0904-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Taken together, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience have demonstrated more robust associations with PTSD symptomatology across populations, as compared to the observing and describing facets of mindfulness (e.g., Thompson and Waltz 2010; Vujanovic et al. 2009;…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Diversity in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use: Resilience Against Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wen, A., Rao, U., Kinney, K. L., et al. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.13016/m2z8cm-3yie · Cited by 7
“…PTSD is associated with greater use of maladaptive strategies such as rumination, expressive suppression, and avoidance (e.g., Ehring et al., 2008; Moore et al., 2008) and lower use of adaptive strategies such as acceptance and reappraisal (e.g., Thompson & Waltz, 2010; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Intimate Partner Violence Within Military Families
Tasso, A. F., Whitmarsh, L., & Ordway, A. M. (2016) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480716628622 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Childhood Trauma and Relationship Satisfaction Among Parents: A Dyadic Perspective on the Role of Mindfulness and Experiential Avoidance
Harvey, F. M., Paradis, A., Daspe, M., Dion, J., & Godbout, N. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02262-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“As suggested by the Pain Paradox, mindfulness has been widely studied and documented in recent decades as an important resilience factor to counter PTSD and avoidance symptoms (Ortiz & Sibinga, 2017; Shapiro et al., 2008; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Restructuring Law Enforcement Agencies to Support Prosocial Values: A Behavior-Scientific Model for Addressing Police Brutality.Preprint
Ghezzi, E. L., Funk, J. A., & Houmanfar, R. A. (2020) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.31234/osf.io/geqvf · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Dispositional Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology: A Targeted Examination of Avoidance
Sylvia, A. M., Mano, K. E. J., Birkley, E. L., & Mano, Q. R. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231221278 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Specifically, three cross-sectional studies showed that those who have higher levels of dispositional mindfulness tend to have less severity of all PTSD symptom clusters (Chopko & Schwartz, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Wahbeh et al., 2011).”
Influential
The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and PTSD Symptoms among Trauma-Exposed Adults
Powers, A. D., Dixon, H. D., Guelfo, A., Mekawi, Y., Bradley, B., Kaslow, N. J., & Fani, N. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01684-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Urban African-American High School Students
Schmitz, J. C. S., Prenoveau, J. M., Papadakis, A. A., Johnson, A. J., Lating, J. M., Mendelson, T., & Dariotis, J. K. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-020-09774-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
GLBT Vietnamese-Americans: Building a Conceptual Framework to Examine Minority Help-Seeking Behavior
Luu, T. D., & Cheung, M. (2010) · Journal of GLBT Family Studies · doi:10.1080/1550428x.2010.511082 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Mindfulness involves the intent to accept self without judgment and the actual acting of the self-perspective ( Vujanovic, Youngwirth, Johnson, & Zvolensky, 2009 ).”
Background
Use of the WBSI Questionnaire in a Study Group of Patients With Polytrauma During the Period 2015-2021
Anghele, M., Marina, V., Moscu, C.-A., Romila, A., Dragomir, L., Anghele, A.-D., & Lescai, A.-M. (2023) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.18662/brain/14.3/460 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“It has been used in a variety of research contexts, including studies of anxiety, depression, trauma, and coping strategies (Moulds et al., 2007; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Background
A prospective examination of the role of psychological (in)flexibility in posttraumatic stress: A cross-lagged panel design
Gorday, J. Y., Bardeen, J. R., Rogers, T. A., & Benfer, N. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102725 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Mediates the Impact of Acceptance on Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity
Jung, W. H., & Kim, N. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00753 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The relationship between Posttraumatic Stress and Alcohol Dependence: The Mediating effect of Experiential Avoidance
김연주, 원성두, 한창우, & Heecheon, S. (2013) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.14.3.201306.1647 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Anxiety
Woodruff, S. C., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., & Hindman, R. K. (2014) · The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Mindfulness · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch37 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study
Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., & Duijndam, S. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103826 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Nonetheless, it is important to note that these findings regarding distinct facets of mindfulness have been inconsistent across studies (e.g., Chopko & Schwartz, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Result
Are Equine Assisted Interactions (EAI) a Dark Horse Bet? A Systematic Review on Measuring the Psychological and Physiological Effects of EAI on PTSD, Anxiety and/or Mood Disorders
Kapteijn, C., Reinders, N., Hueting, M., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5152/pcp.2025.24958 · Cited by 2
“A review focusing on physiological, in addition to psychological measures of EAI, specifically addressing people with PTSD, anxiety and/or mood disorders seems lacking.”
Influential
Exploring the Role of Coping Strategies on the Impact of Client Suicide: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
der Hallen, R. V., & Godor, B. P. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211073213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Regarding acceptance, Vujanovic et al. (2009) investigated the relationship between mindfulness-based acceptance and PTSS symptoms among trauma-exposed adults.”
Background
Improved Mindfulness Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial with Trauma-Exposed Black Adults
Powers, A. D., Lipschutz, R. S., Lathan, E. C., Mekawi, Y., Dixon, H. D., Bradley, B., Kaslow, N. J., & Nugent, N. R. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02693-7
“Importantly, prior cross-sectional analyses with trauma-exposed adults have shown that nonjudgment (Vujanovic et al., 2009) and nonreactiv-ity (Kalill et al., 2014) are particularly relevant to PTSD symptomology.”

Authors: Vujanovic, A. A., Youngwirth, N. E., Johnson, K. A., & Zvolensky, M. J.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Zvolensky, Michael J.
ORCID: Vujanovic, Anka A.
Zvolensky, Michael J.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 297-303
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.005
PMC: PMC2655122
OpenAlex: W2082701296
Cited by: 137
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 5.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r03da016566-01a2, 5r21da016227-02, 5r01da018734-03)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21 DA016227, 1 R03 DA016566-01 A2, R03DA016307, 1R21 DA 016227-01, 1R01 DA 018734-01A1, R01 DA 018734, F31DA021006, R03 DA016566)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, trauma exposure, incremental predictive validity, acceptance, negative affectivity, re-experiencing symptoms
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology

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