Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction to Enhance Psychological Functioning and Improve Inflammatory Biomarkers in Trauma-Exposed Women: A Pilot Study
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This study examined the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on psychological functioning and inflammatory biomarkers in women with histories of interpersonal trauma. The 8-week MBSR program was conducted at a community-based health center and participants (N = 50) completed several measures of psychological functioning at study entry as well as 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks later. Inflammatory biomarkers were assayed from blood collected at each assessment. A series of linear mixed-model analyses were conducted to measure the effect of attendance and time on the dependent variables. Time was associated with significant decreases in perceived stress, depression, trait and state anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as increases in mindfulness. Session attendance was associated with significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-6 levels. This pilot study demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of MBSR on psychological functioning and the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 among trauma-exposed and primarily low-income women. Decreases in inflammation have implications for this population, as interpersonal trauma can instigate chronic physiological dysregulation, heightened morbidity, and premature death. This study's preliminary results support efforts to investigate biological remediation with behavioral interventions in vulnerable populations.
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In an uncontrolled pre-post study of N = 50 US-American adult women with a history of interpersonal childhood trauma, MBSR produced significant reductions in perceived distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up compared to baseline.
“The results showed a significant reduction in perceived distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up compared to baseline.”
Overall, the results of five studies showed that the interventions EFT, exposure-based CBT, EMDR, MBSR, CBT-PD, and the Trauma Therapy Program were successful in reducing psychological distress and/or subclinical symptoms.
“Overall, the results of five studies showed that the interventions EFT, exposure-based CBT, EMDR, MBSR, CBT-PD, and the Trauma Therapy Program were successful in reducing psychological distress and/or subclinical symptoms [49,52,56,57,60].”
Bereavement stress significantly increases mortality rates, with studies showing that mortality rates for men rise by 40% in the first six months following the loss of a spouse, and close relatives of the deceased have a 7.9 times higher mortality rate within a year compared to a control group.
“Bereavement stress significantly increases mortality rates, with studies showing that mortality rates for men rise by 40% in the first six months following the loss of a spouse, and close relatives of the deceased have a 7.9 times higher mortality rate within a year compared to a control group [115,116].”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
Interpersonal trauma can lead to prolonged physiological imbalances, increased rates of illness, and early mortality.
“Interpersonal trauma can lead to prolonged physiological imbalances, increased rates of illness, and early mortality.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Gallegos, A. M., Lytle, M. C., Moynihan, J. A., & Talbot, N. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 525-532
- ISSN
- 1942-9681 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-969X
- PMC
- PMC4624080
- OpenAlex
- W2329527113
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Sponsor name not included (R25MH074898)
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (T32MH20061)
- National Institutes of Health (5T32MH020061, KL2TR000095)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, interpersonal trauma, women, inflammatory markers, interleukin-6, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, posttraumatic stress symptoms, mindfulness, low-income women, physiological dysregulation, bioremediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Blood Chemical Analysis, Depression, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Pilot Projects, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Linear Models, Treatment Outcome, Emotional Intelligence, Self Report, Mindfulness
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