Cited by 137Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology

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Vujanovic, Anka A., Youngwirth, Nicole E., Johnson, Kirsten A., Zvolensky, Michael J.·2009·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.005PMC PMC2655122

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Abstract

The present investigation examined the incremental predictive validity of mindfulness-based processes, indexed by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, in relation to posttraumatic stress symptom severity among individuals without any axis I psychopathology. Participants included 239 adults who endorsed exposure to traumatic life events. Results indicated that the Accepting without Judgment subscale was significantly incrementally associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms; effects were above and beyond the variance accounted for by negative affectivity and number of trauma types experienced. The Acting with Awareness subscale was incrementally associated with only posttraumatic stress-relevant re-experiencing symptoms; and no other mindfulness factors were related to the dependent measures. Findings are discussed in relation to extant empirical and theoretical work relevant to mindfulness and posttraumatic stress.

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“[51] Adults with traumatic life events 239 23 (10) 54 US”
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Building journalists’ resilience through mindfulness strategies
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“Acting with awareness and non-judgmental acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, abilities which are strengthened by mindfulness, are inversely related to important PTSD-related symptoms such as dissociation and reactivity (Garland and Roberts-Lewis, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Background
Trait mindfulness and PTSD symptom clusters: Considering the influence of emotion dysregulation
Reffi, A. N., Pinciotti, C. M., Darnell, B. C., & Orcutt, H. K. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.010 · Cited by 27
Dampening of positive affect is associated with posttraumatic stress following stressful life events
Boelen, P. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1851077 · Cited by 18
Rumination and PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed Latinos in primary care: is mindful attention helpful?
Viana, A. G., Paulus, D. J., Garza, M., Lemaire, C., Bakhshaie, J., Cardoso, J. B., Ochoa-Perez, M., Valdivieso, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.042 · Cited by 17
“…higher levels of mindful attention are negatively related to the intensity and frequency of psychopathology symptoms (Brown and Ryan, 2003; Carlson and Brown, 2005; Gonzalez et al., 2009; Vujanovic et al., 2007; Zvolensky et al., 2006), including PTSD (Bormann et al., 2014; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Reduced Reactivity to and Suppression of Thoughts Mediate the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Recovery Outcomes Following Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Stress
Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Yuval, K., Tanay, G., Aderka, I. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B., & Bernstein, A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0666-x · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Do Acceptance and Mindfulness Moderate the Relationship Between Maladaptive Beliefs and Posttraumatic Distress?
Shipherd, J. C., & Salters-pedneault, K. (2018) · Psychological Trauma · doi:10.1037/tra0000248 · Cited by 17
“In addition, consistent with previous studies (e.g., Baer & Lykins, 2011; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Meyer et al., 2013; Dahm et al., 2015; Call et al., 2015) mindfulness and acceptance were nega- tively associated with symptoms.”
Result
Mindfulness Skills and Anxiety-Related Cognitive Processes Among Young Adult Daily Smokers: A Pilot Test
Luberto, C. M., McLeish, A. C., Zvolensky, M. J., & Baer, R. A. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0052-7 · Cited by 16
“Initial work supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the KIMS with a variety of symptom measures of negative affect as well as emotional dysregulation (Dekeyser et al. 2008; McKee et al. 2007; Vujanovic et al. 2010; Vujanovic et al. 2009 ).”
ResultSelf-citation
Cumulative Trauma Exposure and Mindfulness in College Students
Im, S., Greenlaw, M., & Lee, J. E. (2020) · Journal of College Counseling · doi:10.1002/jocc.12147 · Cited by 19
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Cigarette Deprivation in the Prediction of Anxious Responding among Trauma-Exposed Smokers: A Laboratory Test
Vujanovic, A. A., Marshall‐Berenz, E. C., Beckham, J. C., Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq154 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Acting with Awareness and Distress Tolerance Relate to PTSD Symptoms Among Women with Substance Use Disorder
Arnaudova, I., & Amaro, H. D. L. A. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01362-1 · Cited by 16
Autobiographical Memory and Mindfulness: a Critical Review with a Systematic Search
Dominguez, E., Casagrande, M., & Raffone, A. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01902-x · Cited by 15
Study of the links between emotional regulation strategies and sense of place in the expression of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in flood victims
Puechlong, C., Charbonnier, É., & Weiss, K. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101656 · Cited by 12
The effect of mindfulness training on rumination and intrusions after analogue trauma
Kubota, R., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12410 · Cited by 11
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Vøllestad, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_6 · Cited by 11
Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Trauma Specific (AAQ-TS): A study with Portuguese Colonial War Veterans.
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, T., Cunha, M., Duarte, J., & Walser, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.023 · Cited by 11
“Preliminary observational studies suggest that ACT may be an effective alternative for the treatment of PTSD (Batten and Hayes, 2005; Batten et al., 2009; Varra et al., Unpublished results; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Walser et al., 2013; Williams, 2006).”
Background
The role of mindful acceptance and lucid dreaming in nightmare frequency and distress
Tzioridou, S., Dresler, M., Sandberg, K., & Mueller, E. M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19624-4 · Cited by 16
Associations between mindfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and posttraumatic growth in police academy cadets: An exploratory study
Chopko, B. A., Adams, R. E., Davis, J., Dunham, S. M., & Palmieri, P. A. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22803 · Cited by 12
Is mindfulness protective against PTSD? A neurocognitive study of 25 Tsunami disaster survivors
Hagen, C., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Heir, T. (2016) · Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine · doi:10.1186/s12952-016-0056-x · Cited by 11
“study [9], in which only small or moderate correlations between trait MF and posttraumatic stress were found in individuals without axis I psychopathologies.”
BackgroundInfluential
Mindfulness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wahbeh, H. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch39 · Cited by 7
Psychological mechanisms and neural correlates of trait mindfulness in emotion regulation: Testing a novel approach to the monitor and acceptance theory
Burić, I., Žderić, L., Onicas, A. I., Kolanović, M., & Collin, G. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100507 · Cited by 13
“…including reduced stress, depression, and anxiety (Cash & Whittingham, 2010; Hamill et al., 2015), decreased post-traumatic stress symptoms (Vujanovic et al., 2009; Wahbeh et al., 2011), and lower levels of worry, rumination, and negativity bias (Fisak & Von Lehe, 2012; Paul et al., 2013);…”
Background
The Role of Mindfulness and Embodiment in Group-Based Trauma Treatment
Tempone-Wiltshire, J. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia · doi:10.59158/001c.94979 · Cited by 13
Emotion Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Abuse and Neglect and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women with Substance Use Disorders
Kahl, J., Holl, J., Grundmann, J., Lotzin, A., Hiller, P., Schroeder, K., Schulte, B., Barnow, S., & Schäfer, I. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1797805 · Cited by 12
Mindfulness and meditation in the conceptualization and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Vujanovic, A. A., Niles, B. L., & Abrams, J. L. (2016) · Mindfulness and Buddhist-Derived Approaches in Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_11 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Associations between Mindfulness Facets and PTSD Symptom Severity in Psychiatric Inpatients
Martin, C. E., Bartlett, B. A., Reddy, M. K., Gonzalez, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0904-5 · Cited by 30
“Taken together, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience have demonstrated more robust associations with PTSD symptomatology across populations, as compared to the observing and describing facets of mindfulness (e.g., Thompson and Waltz 2010; Vujanovic et al. 2009;…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Diversity in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use: Resilience Against Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wen, A., Rao, U., Kinney, K. L., et al. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.13016/m2z8cm-3yie · Cited by 7
“…PTSD is associated with greater use of maladaptive strategies such as rumination, expressive suppression, and avoidance (e.g., Ehring et al., 2008; Moore et al., 2008) and lower use of adaptive strategies such as acceptance and reappraisal (e.g., Thompson & Waltz, 2010; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Intimate Partner Violence Within Military Families
Tasso, A. F., Whitmarsh, L., & Ordway, A. M. (2016) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480716628622 · Cited by 12
Childhood Trauma and Relationship Satisfaction Among Parents: A Dyadic Perspective on the Role of Mindfulness and Experiential Avoidance
Harvey, F. M., Paradis, A., Daspe, M., Dion, J., & Godbout, N. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02262-w · Cited by 12
“As suggested by the Pain Paradox, mindfulness has been widely studied and documented in recent decades as an important resilience factor to counter PTSD and avoidance symptoms (Ortiz & Sibinga, 2017; Shapiro et al., 2008; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Restructuring Law Enforcement Agencies to Support Prosocial Values: A Behavior-Scientific Model for Addressing Police Brutality.Preprint
Ghezzi, E. L., Funk, J. A., & Houmanfar, R. A. (2020) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.31234/osf.io/geqvf · Cited by 6
Systematic Review of Dispositional Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology: A Targeted Examination of Avoidance
Sylvia, A. M., Mano, K. E. J., Birkley, E. L., & Mano, Q. R. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231221278 · Cited by 5
“Specifically, three cross-sectional studies showed that those who have higher levels of dispositional mindfulness tend to have less severity of all PTSD symptom clusters (Chopko & Schwartz, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009; Wahbeh et al., 2011).”
Influential
The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and PTSD Symptoms among Trauma-Exposed Adults
Powers, A. D., Dixon, H. D., Guelfo, A., Mekawi, Y., Bradley, B., Kaslow, N. J., & Fani, N. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01684-8 · Cited by 6
Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Urban African-American High School Students
Schmitz, J. C. S., Prenoveau, J. M., Papadakis, A. A., Johnson, A. J., Lating, J. M., Mendelson, T., & Dariotis, J. K. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-020-09774-x · Cited by 7
GLBT Vietnamese-Americans: Building a Conceptual Framework to Examine Minority Help-Seeking Behavior
Luu, T. D., & Cheung, M. (2010) · Journal of GLBT Family Studies · doi:10.1080/1550428x.2010.511082 · Cited by 4
“Mindfulness involves the intent to accept self without judgment and the actual acting of the self-perspective ( Vujanovic, Youngwirth, Johnson, & Zvolensky, 2009 ).”
Background
Use of the WBSI Questionnaire in a Study Group of Patients With Polytrauma During the Period 2015-2021
Anghele, M., Marina, V., Moscu, C.-A., Romila, A., Dragomir, L., Anghele, A.-D., & Lescai, A.-M. (2023) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.18662/brain/14.3/460 · Cited by 3
“It has been used in a variety of research contexts, including studies of anxiety, depression, trauma, and coping strategies (Moulds et al., 2007; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Background
A prospective examination of the role of psychological (in)flexibility in posttraumatic stress: A cross-lagged panel design
Gorday, J. Y., Bardeen, J. R., Rogers, T. A., & Benfer, N. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102725 · Cited by 5
Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Mediates the Impact of Acceptance on Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity
Jung, W. H., & Kim, N. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00753 · Cited by 2
The relationship between Posttraumatic Stress and Alcohol Dependence: The Mediating effect of Experiential Avoidance
김연주, 원성두, 한창우, & Heecheon, S. (2013) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.14.3.201306.1647 · Cited by 3
Mindfulness and Anxiety
Woodruff, S. C., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., & Hindman, R. K. (2014) · The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Mindfulness · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch37 · Cited by 3
The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study
Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., & Duijndam, S. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103826 · Cited by 2
“Nonetheless, it is important to note that these findings regarding distinct facets of mindfulness have been inconsistent across studies (e.g., Chopko & Schwartz, 2013; Vujanovic et al., 2009).”
Result
Are Equine Assisted Interactions (EAI) a Dark Horse Bet? A Systematic Review on Measuring the Psychological and Physiological Effects of EAI on PTSD, Anxiety and/or Mood Disorders
Kapteijn, C., Reinders, N., Hueting, M., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5152/pcp.2025.24958 · Cited by 2
“A review focusing on physiological, in addition to psychological measures of EAI, specifically addressing people with PTSD, anxiety and/or mood disorders seems lacking.”
Influential
Exploring the Role of Coping Strategies on the Impact of Client Suicide: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
der Hallen, R. V., & Godor, B. P. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211073213 · Cited by 3
“Regarding acceptance, Vujanovic et al. (2009) investigated the relationship between mindfulness-based acceptance and PTSS symptoms among trauma-exposed adults.”
Background
Improved Mindfulness Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial with Trauma-Exposed Black Adults
Powers, A. D., Lipschutz, R. S., Lathan, E. C., Mekawi, Y., Dixon, H. D., Bradley, B., Kaslow, N. J., & Nugent, N. R. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02693-7
“Importantly, prior cross-sectional analyses with trauma-exposed adults have shown that nonjudgment (Vujanovic et al., 2009) and nonreactiv-ity (Kalill et al., 2014) are particularly relevant to PTSD symptomology.”

Authors: Vujanovic, A. A., Youngwirth, N. E., Johnson, K. A., & Zvolensky, M. J.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Zvolensky, Michael J.
ORCID: Vujanovic, Anka A.
Zvolensky, Michael J.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 297-303
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.005
PMC: PMC2655122
OpenAlex: W2082701296
Cited by: 137
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 5.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r03da016566-01a2, 5r21da016227-02, 5r01da018734-03)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21 DA016227, 1 R03 DA016566-01 A2, R03DA016307, 1R21 DA 016227-01, 1R01 DA 018734-01A1, R01 DA 018734, F31DA021006, R03 DA016566)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, trauma exposure, incremental predictive validity, acceptance, negative affectivity, re-experiencing symptoms
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology

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