The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of positive interpretive bias modification in highly anxious individuals
Abstract
Over the past 20 years evidence has accumulated that individuals suffering from anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous information as threatening. Considering the causal role of this interpretive bias in anxiety, it was recently established that modifying interpretive biases influences anxiety. This suggests that anxiety can be clinically treated by directly targeting this interpretive bias. The present study was designed to modify a negative interpretive bias in highly anxious individuals, and subsequently assess the hypothesized beneficial effects on clinical measures. High trait-anxious participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a positive interpretational Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM-I) or a control condition (n=2 x 17). The program was offered online for eight consecutive days. Upon completing the program, participants who had followed positive CBM-I were less state and trait-anxious compared to the control group. Additionally, positively trained participants scored lower on a measure of general psychopathology (SCL-90). No effects were observed on social anxiety and stress vulnerability. The mixed pattern of findings renders them rather inconclusive, leaving interpretations of the potential therapeutic merits of CBM-I open for future research.
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“which can lead to a subsequent shift in social anxiety levels (Bowler et al., 2012; Murphy et al., 2007; Salemink et al., 2009).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Salemink et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“For the beta version, social scenarios were translated versions of those used in previous research (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Salemink et al., 2014; Salemink et al., 2009), adapted to be made more suitable for the developmental context of the study's target age range (18 to 25 years; e.g., changing a scenario that suggested a person had children) and the Australian context (e.g., changing the”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Salemink et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“For example, watching stressful videos [39], trying to solve an unsolvable anagram task under time pressure ‘knowing’ that ‘most people have no problems solving it in time’, e.g., see [9] or giving a speech, e.g. see [55] should be stressful for most individuals.”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
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“Robust effects of modified interpretive bias have been foundwhen assessed by reaction times and scores on a recognition task (Mackintosh et al., 2006; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Mathews et al., 2007; Salemink, van den Hout, & Kindt, 2007a, 2007b; Yiend et al., 2005).”
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Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.011 · Cited by 90
Self-citationTrained interpretive bias: Validity and effects on anxiety
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.010 · Cited by 87
Self-citationGeneralisation of modified interpretive bias across tasks and domains
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2010) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802692053 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression
Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024355 · Cited by 891
The impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies
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“Similarly, it is unclear whether biases associated with the dot-probe are related to disengagement difficulties or to initial orienting (Salemink et al., 2009; Clarke et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCognitive Bias Modification Approaches to Anxiety
MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052 · Cited by 664
“…confirmed and extended this finding, showing that a session of such CBMI delivered in the interpret-positive condition, rather than the interpret-negative condition, led to significant decline not only in state anxiety but in trait anxiety questionnaire scores also (Salemink et al. 2007a, 2009).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEfficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis
Cristea, I. A., Kok, R. N., & Cuijpers, P. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146761 · Cited by 553
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“Those included overall stressful videos [8,39,43,45,63], unsolvable anagram tasks [9,52], worry intrusions or negative mood inductions [10,37,40,50], symptom provoking tasks [35,58], speech anticipation [55], and exposure to emotional faces combined with ‘incorrect’ feedback [61].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Salemink, Elske
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 676-683
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2169905320
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- cognitive bias modification, interpretation bias, trait anxiety, state anxiety, online intervention, psychopathology, social anxiety, stress vulnerability, threat interpretation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Attitude, Cognition, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Software, Bias, Young Adult
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