Bias in interpretation of ambiguous sentences related to threat in anxiety
Abstract
In the 1st of 2 experiments, currently clinically anxious, recovered clinically anxious, and normal control subjects were presented with a mixture of unambiguous and ambiguous sentences; both threatening and nonthreatening interpretations were possible for the latter. A subsequent recognition-memory test indicated that the currently anxious subjects were more likely than normal control and recovered anxious subjects to interpret the ambiguous sentences in a threatening fashion rather than in a nonthreatening fashion. This suggests that the biased interpretation of ambiguity found in currently anxious subjects reflected their anxious mood state. A 2nd experiment established that the difference in interpretative processes between currently anxious and control subjects was not due to response bias and that the interpretative bias was a reasonably general one.
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Interpretative biases favouring threat play an important role in a wide range of anxiety disorders.
“There is also good evidence that interpretative biases favouring threat also play an important role in a wide range of anxiety disorders”
From Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers (2009) · cites this paper as Eysenck et al., 1991
Healthy individuals are more likely to draw positive than negative interpretations of ambiguous situations.
“healthy individuals more likely draw positive than negative interpretations of ambiguous situations, whereas individuals with a current anxiety disorder are more likely to draw almost as many positive as negative interpretations [22].”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Individuals with a current anxiety disorder are more likely to draw almost as many positive as negative interpretations.
“healthy individuals more likely draw positive than negative interpretations of ambiguous situations, whereas individuals with a current anxiety disorder are more likely to draw almost as many positive as negative interpretations [22].”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
The review protocol adhered to the PRISMA guidelines.
“The protocol for reviewing the articles was developed by the first author based on the suggested strategy by Lipsey and Wilson [22] and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines (Table S1).”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
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Do anxious parents interpretive biases towards threat extend into their child's environment?
Lester, K., Field, A., Oliver, S., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.005 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
- Authors
- Eysenck, M. W., Mogg, K., May, J., Richards, A., & Mathews, A.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1991-05
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 144-150
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2055112615
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 11.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- interpretation bias, ambiguous sentences, threat interpretation, anxiety, anxiety disorders, recognition memory, response bias, mood states, cognitive biases
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Color Perception, Female, Humans, Language Tests, Male, Memory, Personality Inventory, Psychological Tests, Reaction Time, Semantics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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