Understanding the associations among anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and discomfort intolerance: A comparison of three models
Abstract
Emerging work has identified several related constructs that appear to be relevant to anxiety psychopathology including anxiety sensitivity (AS), distress tolerance (DT) and discomfort intolerance (DI). AS refers to the fear of the consequences of anxiety-related sensations. DT measures tolerance of negative emotions, whereas DI measures tolerance of uncomfortable physical sensations. Questions, however, have been raised regarding the overlap among AS, DT, and DI. The present study conducted confirmatory factor analyses to test three models of emotional and physical tolerance to determine which model provided the best fit for the associations among AS, DT, and DI. Nonclinical individuals (N = 411) and individuals with anxiety psychopathology (N = 253) completed self-report questionnaires. Results supported a hierarchical factor structure with 2 higher order factors with AS as a lower order factor of DT. The implications of these findings for the conceptualization of the relationships among AS, DT, and DI are discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One possible reason for not completing or not responding to ERP is the aversive nature of exposures, which requires patients to engage in challenging tasks without utilizing maladaptive coping strategies such as emotional suppression.
“One possible reason for not completing or not responding to ERP is the aversive nature of exposures, which requires a patient to engage in challenging tasks without utilizing maladaptive coping strategies such as emotional suppression (Hannesdottir & Ollendick, 2007;Mitchell, Riccardi, Keough, Timpano, & Schmidt, 2013).”
From How willing are you? Willingness as a predictor of change during treatment of adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Mitchell et al., 2013
Cites
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,065 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research
Brown, T. A. (2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2769 · Cited by 15,613 · see citing works
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916 · see citing works
(1993) · Cited by 7,136 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Cary, G. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.1.155 · Cited by 6,300 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Anxiety, sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness
Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9 · Cited by 3,169 · see citing works
Taylor, S., Zvolensky, M. J., Cox, B. J., Deacon, B., Heimberg, R. G., Ledley, D. R., Abramowitz, J. S., Holaway, R. M., Sandin, B., Stewart, S. H., et al. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.2.176 · Cited by 1,866 · see citing works
The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measure
Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3 · Cited by 1,730 · see citing works
Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
Kenny, D. A. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Cohen, P. (1980) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(80)90009-9 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0019712 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Jackson, R. J. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.3.355 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Self-citationHow does anxiety sensitivity vary across the anxiety disorders?
Taylor, S. J., Koch, W. J., & McNally, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(92)90037-8 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Pain Measurement and Assessment
Melzack, R. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Zinbarg, R. E., Barlow, D. H., & Brown, T. A. (1997) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.3.277 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Jackson, R. J. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.3.355 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationDelineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology
Mennin, D. S., Holaway, R. M., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.09.001 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology
Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Maner, J. K. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.009 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationReiss, S. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Jackson, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.3.532 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationPain measurement and assessment
Pearce, S. (1984) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90089-7 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Distress Tolerance: Theory, Measurement, and Relations to Psychopathology
Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., & Leyro, T. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410388642 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Anxiety symptomatology: the association with distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity
Keough, M. E., Riccardi, C. J., Timpano, K. R., Mitchell, M. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.04.002 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationMood and Emotion in Major Depression
Rottenberg, J. (2005) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00354.x · Cited by 280 · see citing works
The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors
Anestis, M. D., Selby, E. A., Fink, E. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20471 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Smits, J. A. J., Berry, A. C., Tart, C. D., & Powers, M. B. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.06.010 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Anxiety Sensitivity As a Prospective Predictor of Alcohol Use Disorders
Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J., & Keough, M. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506297019 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationZinbarg, R. E., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Rapee, R. M. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.3.372 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
A 1-year prospective study of panic attacks: Clinical course and factors associated with maintenance
Ehlers, A. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.164 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Discomfort intolerance: Development of a construct and measure relevant to panic disorder
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., & Fitzpatrick, K. K. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationBernstein, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., & Moos, R. H. (2008) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.08.001 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Zinbarg, R. E., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., et al. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.3.372 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Simons, J., Gaher, R. M., Oliver, M. N. I., Bush, J., & Palmer, M. (2005) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2005.66.459 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Zvolensky, M. J., Marshall, E. C., Johnson, K., Hogan, J., Bernstein, A., & Bonn‐Miller, M. O. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0014961 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Timpano, K. R., Buckner, J. D., Richey, J. A., Murphy, D. L., & Schmidt, N. B. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20469 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationThe phenomenology of panic disorder in youngsters: An empirical study of a clinical sample
Kearney, C. A., Albano, A. M., Eisen, A. R., Allan, W. D., & Barlow, D. H. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(96)00034-5 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Emotion and emotion regulation: A map for psychotherapy researchers.
Rottenberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00093.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. B., & Cook, J. H. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00139-9 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety Sensitivity Among Anxious Children
Rabian, B. A., Peterson, R. A., Richters, J. E., & Jensen, P. S. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2204_4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Discomfort Intolerance: Evaluation of a Potential Risk Factor for Anxiety Psychopathology
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Timpano, K. R., & Buckner, J. D. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.004 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety sensitivity: selective review of promising research and future directions
Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.2.97 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zvolensky, M. J., & Otto, M. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.01.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. B., & Lerew, D. R. (1998) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1023/a:1021378523582 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationBonn‐Miller, M. O., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Assessing the clinical utility of agoraphobia in the context of panic disorder
Schmidt, N. B., & Timpano, K. R. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20285 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The importance of assessing clinical phenomena in Mechanical Turk research.
Hall, K. A. A., Çek, D., Shaw, A. M., & Timpano, K. R. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000217 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationLaposa, J. M., Collimore, K. C., Hawley, L. L., & Rector, N. A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.04.003 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Sauer, K. S., Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197241 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Changes in distress intolerance and treatment outcome in a partial hospital setting
McHugh, R. K., Kertz, S. J., Weiss, R. B., Baskin-Sommers, A. R., Hearon, B. A., & Björgvinsson, T. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.11.002 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Allan, N. P., Macatee, R. J., Norr, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9623-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationNorr, A. M., Allan, N. P., Macatee, R. J., Keough, M. E., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationMacatee, R. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.01.007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Moritz, S., Fink‐Lamotte, J., Miegel, F. S., Nitsche, K., Kraft, V., Tonn, P., & Jelinek, L. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9902-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Structure of Distress Tolerance and Neighboring Emotion Regulation Abilities
Conway, C. C., Naragon-Gainey, K., & Harris, M. T. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120954914 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reid, A. M., Garner, L. E., Van Kirk, N., Gironda, C., Krompinger, J. W., Brennan, B. P., Mathes, B. M., Monaghan, S. C., Tifft, E. D., André, M.-C., et al. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22672 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Nomological Network of Self-Reported Distress Tolerance
Kiselica, A. M., Rojas, E. C., Bornovalova, M. A., & Dubé, C. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114559407 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Broman-Fulks, J. J., Kelso, K., & Zawilinski, L. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1020448 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Allan, N. P., Macatee, R. J., Norr, A. M., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationVeilleux, J. C. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221118327 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Distress intolerance in substance dependent patients
Özdel, K., & Ekinci, S. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Distress intolerance during smoking cessation treatment
Farris, S. G., Leyro, T. M., Allan, N. P., Øverup, C. S., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationGoodman, F. R., Daniel, K. E., Eldesouky, L., Brown, B. A., & Kneeland, E. T. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100210 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Katz, D., Rector, N. A., & Laposa, J. M. (2017) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1334087 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hashoul-Andary, R., Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Yuval, K., Aderka, I. M., Litz, B. T., & Bernstein, A. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9730-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Farris, S. G., Zvolensky, M. J., Otto, M. W., & Leyro, T. M. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115575536 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Interoceptive Exposure: An Overlooked Modality in the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of OCD
Blakey, S. M., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2017) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.01.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
MacDonald, E. M., Pawluk, E. J., Koerner, N., & Goodwill, A. M. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.964303 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Epkins, C. C. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9502-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Glasner, S. V., Tanner, A. S., Ghahremani, D. G., & London, E. D. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104032 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Distress Tolerance as a Predictor of Adherence to a Yoga Intervention
Baird, S. O., Hopkins, L. B., Medina, J. L., Rosenfield, D., Powers, M. B., & Smits, J. A. J. (2015) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445515612401 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Affect Intolerance and Hoarding Symptoms: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Shaw, A. M., Llabre, M. M., & Timpano, K. R. (2015) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct_2015_8_05 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationChoi, K., Vickers, K., & Tassone, A. (2014) · Europe's Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v10i2.754 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Intolerance in Islamic textbooks: The quest for an Islamic teaching model for Indonesian schools
Ikhrom, I., Abdullah, I., Kafipour, R., Mubaraq, Z., & Sutiyono, A. (2023) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2023.2268454 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Veilleux, J. C., Hyde, K. C., & Clift, J. B. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.12.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Overstreet, C. M., Brown, E., Berenz, E. C., Brown, R. C., Hawn, S. E., McDonald, S. D., Pickett, T. C., Danielson, C. K., Thomas, S., & Amstadter, A. B. (2018) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2018.1521682 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rosencrans, P. L., Bui, E., Rogers, A. H., Simon, N. M., & Baker, A. W. (2017) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2017.10.4.283 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Conway, C., Penrod, M. T., Pugsley, G. M., Larrazabal, M. A., & Snyder, C. E. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_359 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anderson, G. N., Conway, C., Bravo, A. J., & The Cross‐Cultural Addictions Study Team (2024) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12963 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Predictors of breath-holding duration among treatment-seeking tobacco users
Hogan, J., Farris, S. G., Brandt, C. P., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2014.884176 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMchugh, R. (2019) · The Clinician's Guide to Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment and Assessment · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813495-5.00002-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Worden, B. L., Genova, M., & Tolin, D. F. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1329570 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Richard, A., & Dunkley, D. M. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.02.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Macatee, R. J., Sarawgi, S., Norr, A. M., Oglesby, M. E., Lejuez, C. W., & Cougle, J. R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.019 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Targeting Anxiety Sensitivity to Prevent the Development of Psychopathology
Koch, E. I., Eye, B. D., Ellison, G., & Gourley, B. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316104453.020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Distress Intolerance Index for Youth
Keller, A. E., Langer, D. A., Pincus, D. B., Elkins, R. M., Kerns, C. E., & Comer, J. S. (2018) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9711-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Associations between distress tolerance and asthma symptoms and quality of life
Alsaid-Habia, T., McLeish, A. C., & Kraemer, K. (2018) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770903.2018.1520862 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ganjari, M. G., Khanmohammadzadeh, Z., Nobakht, H., & Kenarsari, H. E. (2020) · Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care · doi:10.5812/jjcdc.104117 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Crabtree, M. A., Meyer, E. C., Kimbrel, N. A., DeBeer, B. B., Kruse, M. I., Gulliver, S. B., Telch, M. J., & Morissette, S. B. (2019) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2019.1637210 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mohsenabadi, H., Pirmoradi, M., Tajrishi, K. Z., & Gharraee, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1478442 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Broos, H. C., Stamatis, C. A., Goodman, Z. T., Llabre, M. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Timpano, K. R. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2045013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationCui, M., Ma, X., Tian, L., Xu, W., & Dai, H. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100821 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Distress intolerance in the parents of substance dependent patients
Ekinci, S., & Kural, H. U. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.026 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Milam, A. L., & Judah, M. R. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108571 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gamlı, İ. S., Kaçar, A. Ş., Eyupoglu, N., Karakuş, O. B., & Adak, İ. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70083 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rappaport, L. M., Berenz, E. C., Lejuez, C. W., & Roberson‐Nay, R. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Amerifar, M., Koulayi, A. K., & Sanagoo, A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical and Basic Research · doi:10.29252/jcbr.3.1.23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
DiPietro, C. P., Nakajima, S., Oe, Y., Ito, M., & Curtiss, J. E. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-025-00259-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Hesitation of Anxious Traders in an Agent‐Based Model
Tang, B.-J., Lin, K.-B., Huang, J., & Lin, H.-W. (2022) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2022/5302302 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Türkçapar, A. F., Öznas, S., & Boysan, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04010-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluating competing models of distress tolerance via structural equation modeling
Wesner, E., Pavuluri, A., Norwood, E., Schmidt, B., & Bernat, E. M. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Petz, K. D., Toner, E. R., Rucker, M., Leventhal, E. L., Livermon, S., Davidson, B., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10623-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vijay, A., Paquette, C., & Douglas, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_504 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Roma, V. G. (2018) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Vijay, A., Paquette, C., & Douglas, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_504-1
Klein, C. S., Seyboth, L., Conzelmann, A., Schröder, P. A., Alt, A. K., Pascher, A., Renner, T. J., Gawrilow, C., & Hollmann, K. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01924-1
- Authors
- Mitchell, M. A., Riccardi, C. J., Keough, M. E., Timpano, K. R., & Schmidt, N. B.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Norman B.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 147-154
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034479913
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 8.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, emotional tolerance, factor structure, hierarchical models
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Emotions, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
