The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Fear is an adaptive response in the presence of danger. However, when threat is uncertain and continuous, as in the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, fear can become chronic and burdensome. To identify predictors of fear of the coronavirus, we conducted an online survey (N = 439) three days after the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic (i.e., between March 14 and 17, 2020). Fear of the coronavirus was assessed with the newly developed Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (FCQ) consisting of eight questions pertaining to different dimensions of fear (e.g., subjective worry, safety behaviors, preferential attention), and an open-ended question. The predictors included psychological vulnerability factors (i.e., intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and health anxiety), media exposure, and personal relevance (i.e., personal health, risk for loved ones, and risk control). We found four predictors for the FCQ in a simultaneous regression analysis: health anxiety, regular media use, social media use, and risks for loved ones (R2 = .37). Furthermore, 16 different topics of concern were identified based participants’ open-ended responses, including the health of loved ones, health care systems overload, and economic consequences. We discuss the relevance of our findings for managing people’s fear of the coronavirus.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, individual differences exist in the level of COVID-19 related concerns and therefore in the vulnerability to the psychosocial effects of the pandemic (Mertens, Gerritsen, et al., 2020; Taylor et al., 2021; Vos et al., 2021).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Mertens, Gerritsen, et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Children with chronic illnesses appear especially vulnerable to IU’s adverse effects (Mertens et al., 2020).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty and Health-Related Anxiety in Youth amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Understanding and Weathering the Continuing Storm (2022) · cites this paper as Mertens et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A potential risk factor for the mental health consequences of COVID-19 could be enhanced fear related to the virus (Mertens, Gerritsen, et al., 2020; Taylor et al., 2020b).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Mertens, Gerritsen, et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Most of these studies also detected a link between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety (Mertens et al., 2020) and, to a lesser extent, depression, using both the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Ahorsu et al., 2020; Alyami et al., 2020) and the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).”
From Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression (2020) · cites this paper as Mertens et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398 · cited 1×
“Cohen’s Kappa was calculated to determine the degree of interrater agreement (Cohen, 1960).”
The application of electronic computers to factor analysis
Kaiser, H. F. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000116 · Cited by 12,459 · cited 2×
“Kaiser’s criterium of 1 and a scree plot was used to select the number of components (Kaiser, 1960).”
InfluentialA Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
Horn, J. L. (1965) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289447 · Cited by 8,965 · cited 1×
“It was based on random data generation, which is parallel to the actual dataset (Horn, 1965).”
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099 · cited 2×
“Furthermore, two other vulnerability factors implicated in anxiety-related disorders are of interest here: worry and health-related anxiety (Abramowitz et al., 2007; Meyer et al., 1990).”
Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art.
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Linton, S. J. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00242-0 · Cited by 4,931
The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8 · Cited by 4,332
O’connor, B. P. (2000) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03200807 · Cited by 4,116 · cited 2×
“Following univariate analyses, a simultaneous linear regression was conducted including all significant predictors from the univariate analyses to investigate the unique contribution of each of the predictors in explaining variance in the FCQ. Analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS v26 and an alpha cut-off of .05 was use…”
Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale
Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014 · Cited by 2,288
Coping Resources, Coping Processes, and Mental Health
Taylor, S. E., & Stanton, A. L. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091520 · Cited by 1,600
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
Social Support and Health Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic
Hou, S. (2022) · Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.37155/2972-3086-0101-3 · Cited by 1
Cankardas, S., Ildırım, E., & TINAZ, P. (2023) · Resilience · doi:10.32569/resilience.1228490 · Cited by 1
Desjarlais, M. (2023) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2023.145040 · Cited by 1
Identifying healthcare professionals’ fear of covid-19 and their attitudes towards being vaccinated
Ergın, E., & Akkoyun, S. (2023) · Health & Research Journal · doi:10.12681/healthresj.28652 · Cited by 2
Martínez, N. G., García, M. D. P., Hanna, T. P., Soares, C. N., Uribe-Restrepo, J. M., Sullivan, R. J., Booth, C. M., & Murillo, R. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2023.06.006 · Cited by 1
Promoting the psychological health of married career women in the post-Covid-19 era
Adekanmbi, F. P., & Ukpere, W. I. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v12i5.2647 · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, a lack of social support during the pandemic might raise the risk of psychological health issues (Mertens et al., 2020; Szkody et al., 2021).”
BackgroundAndreatta, M., Jongerling, J., & Wieser, M. J. (2023) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2023.118 · Cited by 1
Freire, F. L. P. D. N., de Lima, R. L. F. C., Gomes, N. I. G., Viana, M. A. C. B. M., Callou, K. R. D. A., & Vianna, R. P. D. T. (2023) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/1678-9865202336e220218 · Cited by 2
“In a study carried out online with a mostly female population, it was observed that anxiety was positively related to increased fear of the current coronavirus pandemic [52].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Luxury Consumption Tendency and the Role of Materialism
Kurnaz, A. (2023) · Marketing and Management of Innovations · doi:10.21272/mmi.2023.3-07 · Cited by 2
Hidayat, W., Sugandini, D., & Istanto, Y. (2022) · Journal of International Conference Proceedings · doi:10.32535/jicp.v5i5.2124 · Cited by 1
Immune Profile Determines Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Stai, S., Fylaktou, A., Kasimatis, E., Xochelli, A., Λιούλιος, Γ., Nikolaidou, V., Παπαδοπούλου, Α., Myserlis, G., Iosifidou, A. M., Iosifidou, M. A., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11101583 · Cited by 1
The voices of youths in COVID-19 times: exploring young people’s emotional representations
Mondragón, N. I., Munitis, A. E., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., & Sancho, N. B. (2023) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2023.2264888 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, as excessive fear is also harmful (Mertens et al. 2020), it would be crucial to channel such fear in a positive way to trigger safety behaviors that can mitigate specific threats—which, in this case, would be transmission in future pandemics (Engelhard et al., 2015).”
Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence, Effects and Predisposing Factors
Şebnem, A. K. A. N. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1263730 · Cited by 2
The Sexual Function, Desire, and Satisfaction of Couples during the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Qazvin
Yekefallah, L., Mohammadi, S. D., Namdar, P., Minaei-Moghadam, S., Yekefallah, F., & Mafi, M. H. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research · doi:10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_273_21 · Cited by 1
“[11] Sexual pleasure in humans is mostly the product of the mind, and psychological factors play an essential role in sexual function and satisfaction.”
BackgroundKeskin, G., Gümüşsoy, S., & Yiğitoğlu, G. T. (2023) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2023.2272205 · Cited by 2
“Mertens et al. found that the COVID-19 pandemic increased fear and anxiety (Mertens et al. 2020) Some studies found that women have higher COVID-19-related fear than men (Bakioğlu, Korkmaz, and Ercan 2020; Gencer 2020; Kong et al. 2020).”
BackgroundWerdecker, C., & Bals, R. (2023) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-023-02553-9 · Cited by 1
“This finding aligns with previous studies that have also highlighted the negative influence of social media on the mental well-being of younger individuals [22].”
ResultPadilla, E. A. J., Vazquez, O., Flores, J., Costas-Muñíz, R., & García, A. M. (2023) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871231202235 · Cited by 1
“…care to people diagnosed with this disease, suffering symptoms of health anxiety as well as suffering emotional fatigue at some level, were variables that were positively related to the presence of fear of contagion (Hu et al., 2020; Jackson et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Mertens et al., 2020).”
BackgroundExploring pharmacist role in dispelling myths regarding covid-19 vaccination
Butt, A. R., Rehman, H. U., Bashir, M. B., & Khan, S. (2024) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Pharmacotherapy & Toxicology · doi:10.32948/ajpt.2024.02.27 · Cited by 1
Predictors of Severe Anxiety Among Bumiputera Students
Fuzi, S. F., Jama, S. R., Jusoh, N., Zainudin, S. N., Halim, B. A., Zahidi, N. E., & Hassan, W. H. W. (2024) · Information Management and Business Review · doi:10.22610/imbr.v16i1(i).3661 · Cited by 1
Use of Meet Apps to Improve Student Achievement during the Pandemic
Suyahman, S., Irfana, T. B., Touwe, Y. S., Rohman, N., & Andika, A. (2024) · World Psychology · doi:10.55849/wp.v3i1.604 · Cited by 2
Hoebeke, Y., Vanderhasselt, M., Carême, M., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240107 · Cited by 1
“…have been particularly distressing and sources of respective negative thinking processes, such as rumination and worries (e.g., Heeren et al., 2021; Mertens et al., 2020; Suen et al., 2022), one may wonder about the influence of the pandemic on our participants' reactivity to laboratory-induced…”
BackgroundConsumer Behavior on Healthy Food in Covid-19: Evidence from Vietnam
Anh, N. T. M., Dung, N. T. P., Nguyen, T. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2024) · Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental · doi:10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-075 · Cited by 1
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE LESÕES AUTOPROVOCADAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ ENTRE 2012 E 2022
Silva, D. D. C. N., Martins, H. R., de Melo, L. B. P. G., Mota, P. E. M., & Moura, H. D. S. (2024) · Revista Contemporânea · doi:10.56083/rcv4n4-179 · Cited by 1
Thakur, N., Patel, K. A., Poon, A., Shah, R., Azizi, N., & Han, C. (2024) · Computation · doi:10.3390/computation12060118
Emotional Expression of Public Communication Post COVID-19 Era In Educational Context
Sutanto, A. A., Indrayani, I. I., & Yogatama, A. (2024) · WACANA Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi · doi:10.32509/wacana.v23i1.3338 · Cited by 1
“Fear itself is an adaptive emotion or response that triggers defensive resources in the presence of danger (Beckers et al., 2023; Mertens et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMostafa, M., Ghaly, M. S., Sayed, H. H., & Elaziz, M. A. (2024) · Suez Canal University Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/scumj.2024.369042 · Cited by 1
Bustamante, R. S., Claderón, J. E. S., & Huaynalaya, D. M. (2024) · Persona · doi:10.26439/persona2024.n27(1).6819 · Cited by 1
“Por otro lado, en cuanto a la relación de predicción observada entre la exposición a los medios de comunicación y el miedo al coronavirus, se destaca que es similar a lo encontrado en investigaciones previas con población joven y adulta de Europa y Norteamérica (Mertens et al., 2020) y también en Perú (Santa Cruz-Espi…”
BackgroundThe Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale
Khalifah, R. A. A., Younis, A. S., Suwaidan, H. I. A., Alanazi, N., & Baghdadi, L. R. (2023) · Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine · doi:10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_130_21 · Cited by 1
How early onset of COVID-19 changed vaccine-related attitudes: A longitudinal study
Polak, M., Maciuszek, J., Doliński, D., & Stasiuk, K. (2024) · Social Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.32872/spb.10915 · Cited by 1
“The vast majority of people treated the outbreak of the pandemic as a catastrophic event which was not caused by intentional human action ( Mertens et al., 2020), but by pure chance.”
BackgroundReduced sense of danger following two years of COVID-19: Fear inoculation or growing recklessness?
Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Jaroenkajornkij, N., Araújo, A. S., Dias, P., Carvalho, C. B. M., & Zsidó, A. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101460 · Cited by 1
LDA-Based Topic Modelling on COVID-19 FLiRT Variant in Social Media
Luriaga, R. L., Samson, B. D., Mama, B. R.-Z. I., & Ebardo, R. A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00267-9_11 · Cited by 1
Nyayakar, S., M., M., & Moothi, L. S. M. L. S. (2020) · International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i12.39381 · Cited by 1
“During the pandemic, people get more mental health problems when they start concerning the health of loved ones, and mainly if they are at high risk like co-morbidities get infected, then the fear about the coronavirus increases many folds [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe perceptions on the recent COVID-19 pandemic: a study on health-care students in Malaysia
Zain, N. M., & Mut, N. A. I. C. (2020) · Asian Education and Development Studies · doi:10.1108/aeds-05-2020-0109 · Cited by 1
Muñoz, A. V., & Huamán, H. I. M. (2020) · Hacedor - AIAPÆC · doi:10.26495/rch.v4i2.1487 · Cited by 1
Panic buying in the community as a coping strategy in response to Covid-19
Jaspal, R. (2021) · Health Psychology Update · doi:10.53841/bpshpu.2021.30.2.3 · Cited by 1
Aleebrahim‐Dehkordi, E., Mazaheri, E., Roshan, B., Bhaskar, L. V., Dehkordi, A. H., Khosravian, M., & Pezeshgi, A. (2020) · Journal of Nephropharmacology · doi:10.34172/npj.2021.12 · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, the anxiety and fear created by the COVID-19 outbreak caused patients with CKD to ignore or delay treatment and pay no attention to its potential risks (24).”
BackgroundHubungan Kecemasan Kesehatan dengan Ketakutan terhadap COVID-19 pada Remaja Akhir di Jakarta
Permata, A. H., Kendhawati, L., & Moeliono, M. F. (2021) · Psyche 165 Journal · doi:10.35134/jpsy165.v14i3.42 · Cited by 1
The Social Anxiety under Corona Virus Pandemic in Millennial Generation: an Experience of Indonesia
Wanto, D., & Jalwis, J. (2021) · Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology · doi:10.12928/jehcp.v10i3.21168 · Cited by 1
“Social anxiety that arises in response to the Covid-19 Epidemic is inevitable (Dumas et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020; Mertens et al., 2020; Shiina et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEfeitos da pandemia na saúde mental de pacientes em reabilitação
Mazzo, D. M., Arpini, M., & Schleder, J. C. (2021) · Journal Health NPEPS · doi:10.30681/252610105481 · Cited by 1
The Development of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in Urdu (CASU)
Hussain, S., & Ahmad, S. (2021) · Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society · doi:10.63050/jpps.18.01.84 · Cited by 1
Khan, N., Khan, M. A., Khan, M. A., Ejaz, A., Warraitch, A., & Khan, H. J. (2021) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2021.94156 · Cited by 1
The Trend of Four Consultation Models in Four Specialties at Four Tertiary Care Hospitals
Abdulghani, H. M., Sattar, K., Karim, S. I., Ahmad, T., Akram, A., Alsalem, R., Alruwaite, M., Alkhraiji, N., Al-Ghamdi, G. M., & Alkhulaifi, A. (2021) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2021.94153 · Cited by 1
Factors Associated with Not Continuing Initiated Breastfeeding among Saudi Females in Abha
Mandoura, Y. T., Alsaleh, M., & Alsaleem, S. A. (2021) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2021.94164 · Cited by 1
Impact of Covid-19 on asthmatic patients in Western region in Saudi Arabia
AlGhamdi, A. N. Z., Albaqami, A. M., Abdullah, A. M., Alsukhayri, D. A., Alawi, H. A., & Baabbad, A. S. (2021) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2021.94161 · Cited by 1
"Pain, And Mental Health Features Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic Social Isolation in Brazil"
Sonza, A. (2021) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2021.37.006003 · Cited by 1
“The decrease of exercise and physical activity during the pandemic and SI can also generate mental health impacts, as stress or anxiety [17] that many will experience in the face of the feeling of fear [18] (fear of being sick or dying, possible loss of family and friends, economic impact) and isolation from common so…”
BackgroundBeitzell, E., Podduturi, P., Hook, M., Jones, A., McKeen, H., & Liss, M. (2021) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2104053 · Cited by 1
“Research has identified some of the main concerns about COVID-19 to be the health of others, healthcare collapse, consequences for the economy, personal health, and mass panic [7].”
A Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Triggered by the Pandemic
Costa, A. L. R., Jesus, S., da Silva, L. S., de Almeida, M. G., & Alcafache, J. (2021) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych3040055 · Cited by 1
“This experience usually triggers security behaviors, such as hand washing, as a way to mitigate certain threats, in this case, fear of contamination [6].”
BackgroundTHE PROPOSITION OF CONSUMER SELF-CARE CONATION UNDER THE BACKDROP OF COVID-19
Lim, S. C. (2021) · Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management · doi:10.35631/jthem.623005 · Cited by 1
Calleja, N., González, C. M., & Mercado-Ruiz, A. A. (2022) · Revista de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México · doi:10.36677/rpsicologia.v11i23.18047 · Cited by 1
Hogan, G., Taylor, N. F., Robins, L., Callisaya, M. L., Snowdon, M., Moran, C., & Snowdon, D. A. (2022) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.13062
Supporting people with depressive and anxiety disorders
Ossai, O. V., & Eseadi, C. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4832 · Cited by 2
Hiserodt, M., Fitzgerald, H. E., García, J., Hoyt, D. L., Milligan, M. A., & Otto, M. W. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03059-1 · Cited by 1
“Similarly, a global sample of adults from March 2020 found that IU was associated with an increased fear of COVID-19 (Mertens et al., 2020).”
Percepción de tiempo, salud mental en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19 y cuarentenas
Camargo, A., & Vargas, R. (2022) · Universidad y Salud · doi:10.22267/rus.222402.272 · Cited by 7
“Asimismo, el miedo y la incertidumbre ante la enfermedad, sensaciones reforzadas continuamente por medios de comunicación y redes sociales quien, en su afán de informar, con datos poco claros y a veces no verificados, confunden y refuerzan aún más los sentimientos de miedo, angustia, responsabilidad y culpa por el est…”
BackgroundAkbaba, A., Erünal, M., Özdamar, H., Mert, H., Dursun, H., & Kaya, D. (2022) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/10547738221102275 · Cited by 1
“Studies on Zika virus and swine flu outbreaks have similarly reported that health anxiety, comorbidities, symptom burden, and belonging to a vulnerable group were the predictors of increasing fear related to the acquisition of these infections (Mertens et al., 2020; Shah et al., 2021).”
BackgroundFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, U. D. C. Y. H., & al., M.-S. E. (2022) · International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES · doi:10.21833/ijaas.2022.09.010 · Cited by 1
Tiller-Ormord, J., Korte, C., & Friedberg, R. D. (2021) · Journal of Translational Science · doi:10.15761/jts.1000444 · Cited by 1
Lima, R. S., Sanches, R. S., de Abreu, P. D., Fava, S. M. C. L., Arcêncio, R. A., & do Nascimento, M. C. (2022) · Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social · doi:10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.258 · Cited by 1
Winters, G., & Maguire, H. (2022) · Routledge Open Research · doi:10.12688/routledgeopenres.17558.1
FEARS AND ASSUMPTIONS IN THE PANDEMIC CRISIS IN HUNGARY
Varga, J., & Csiszárik-Kocsír, Á. (2022) · PEOPLE International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.20319/pijss.2022.83.4053 · Cited by 1
Prada‐Trigo, J., Nieto, C. C., Troncoso, L., Saravia, F., & Prado, P. A. Q. (2022) · Documents d Anàlisi Geogràfica · doi:10.5565/rev/dag.754 · Cited by 1
Barkus, E. (2022) · UCL Open Environment · doi:10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100002 · Cited by 1
“Fear of misinformation and fake news have been reported as a community concern during the Covid-19 pandemic [5].”
BackgroundThe COVID-19 Psychological Distress Scale (CPDS-16): Development and initial validation
Verma, S., Sahni, S. P., Pandehy, K. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/tzsj4223 · Cited by 1
Fitzpatrick, K. M., Harris, C. T., Drawve, G. R., & Tidwell, C. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i10.3154 · Cited by 1
Jasiński, A., & Bąkowska, A. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences quarterly · doi:10.7862/rz.2022.hss.19 · Cited by 1
Alonzo, D. M. (2022) · Journal of Mental Health and Social Behaviour · doi:10.33790/jmhsb1100170 · Cited by 1
Has COVID-19 Pandemic Fear Affected Eurozone Stock Markets?
Velasco, C. G., & González-Fernández, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3296-0_8 · Cited by 1
Shahrajabian, F., Chashmi, S. J. E., Hasani, J., Kuss, D. J., Witthöft, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba-126385 · Cited by 1
“Associated worrying due to health concerns might have led to a possible cycle of negative thoughts, which can increase COVID-19 anxiety (28, 29).”
BackgroundLlovet, I., Dinardi, G., Esteban, D., & Gustavo, A. (2022) · Annals of Public Health Reports · doi:10.36959/856/536 · Cited by 1
Муращенкова, Н. В. (2022) · Monitoring obŝestvennogo mneniâ: èkonomičeskie i socialʹnye peremeny · doi:10.14515/monitoring.2022.6.2261 · Cited by 1
Yamin, N., Brown, T. A., & Rosellini, A. J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2852 · Cited by 1
Luma, N. B., & Sinani, A. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences · doi:10.18844/ijeths.v6i2.8797
Virtual community during a pandemic: A case study
Knipe, M. R. (2022) · The Journal of Fandom Studies · doi:10.1386/jfs_00059_1 · Cited by 1
FEAR AND STIGMATIZATION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Toska, A. G., Diamantopoulos, V., Mastrogiannis, D., Fradelos, Ε. C., Albani, E. N., Вус, В., & Saridi, M. (2023) · Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski · doi:10.36740/merkur202304102 · Cited by 2
Lakhdir, M. P. A., Nathwani, A. A., Peerwani, G., Azam, S. I., Iqbal, R., & Asad, N. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-598605/v1 · Cited by 1
The adverse impact of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental healthPreprint
Novotný, J., Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P., Kunzová, Š., Skladaná, M., Pospíšilová, A., Polcrova, A. B., Vassilaki, M. E., Medina‐Inojosa, J. R., López-Jiménez, F. A., Geda, Y. E., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.25.21261094 · Cited by 1
Panda, S. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3953353 · Cited by 1
A Cross-Sectional Study On The Acceptance Of COVID-19 VaccinePreprint
Adeniran, A. O., Tayo-Ladega, O. T., & Abdullahi, T. M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-992845/v1 · Cited by 1
Immune system response to the Covid 19 virus and 3rd boosters
Spigelman, M. (2021) · World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.5742/mewfm.2021.94159 · Cited by 1
The ‘War’ on COVID-19 and the Post-PoliticalPreprint
Giovannini, F. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3992314 · Cited by 1
Stigma Towards Health Care Providers Taking Care of COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Country StudyPreprint
Nashwan, A. J., Valdez, G. F. D., AL‐Fayyadh, S., Al‐Najjar, H., Elamir, H., Barakat, M., Almazan, J. U., Jahlan, I. O., Alabdulaziz, H., Omar, N. E., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3960596 · Cited by 1
Saalwirth, C., & Leipold, B. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3988592 · Cited by 1
Stalin, A., & Kenoth, R. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4010816 · Cited by 1
Jabalameli, S., Xu, Y., & Shetty, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4021690 · Cited by 1
The impact of pandemic-related worry on cognitive functioning and risk-takingPreprint
Castanheira, K. D. S., Sharp, M. E., & Otto, A. R. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wxmks · Cited by 1
How Urban Green Spaces Need to Change to Address the Public Post-Covid ExpectationsPreprint
Sikorska, D., Wojnowska-Heciak, M., Heciak, J., Bukowska, J., Łaszkiewicz, E., & Sikorski, P. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4109031 · Cited by 1
Haim‐Nachum, S., Sopp, M. R., Lüönd, A. M., Afzal, N., Åhs, F., Allgaier, A., Arévalo, A., Asongwe, C., Bachem, R., Balle, S. R., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nvejb · Cited by 1
Exploring Mental Health Outcome Variables in Outdoor Adventure EducationPreprint
Davidson, C., & Ewert, A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2118060/v1 · Cited by 1
Knowledge and attitude of school students Regarding the COVID-19 pandemicPreprint
Waghmare, P., Humane, S., & Shaikh, T. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2505374/v1 · Cited by 1
Use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study among stakeholders in NepalPreprint
Dhungel, B., Shrestha, U. T., Adhikari, S., Adhikari, N., Bhattarai, A., Pokharel, S., Karkey, A., Limmathurotsakul, D., Ghimire, P., Rijal, K. R., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.23291835 · Cited by 1
Zadovoljstvo klijenata pruženom uslugom ljekarnika u vrijeme epidemije bolesti COVID-19
Rašan, D., Marković, S., Dorčić, J., & Rašan, L. (2020) · Journal of Applied Health Sciences · doi:10.24141/1/6/2/4
O FARDO DA PANDEMIA: SAÚDE MENTAL NOS TEMPOS DO COVID-19
Akerman, L. P. F., & Vallois, E. C. (2020) · Editora Omnis Scietia eBooks · doi:10.47094/978-65-88958-06-3.434-
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA INFECCIÓN SARVS COVID-19 Y LA NEUMONÍA EN UNA REGIÓN DEL PERÚ
Aquino, H. A., Turpo, F. E., & Quispe, S. G. V. (2020) · Revista Enfermeria la Vanguardia · doi:10.35563/revan.v8i2.362
Su, Z., Wagers, S. M., Lopez, E., Terjesen, L. A., Abbas, J., Shi, F., Wang, C., & Cai, Y. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-66220/v1
Radwan, A.-K. S. (2021) · Asian Journal of Pharmacy Nursing and Medical Sciences · doi:10.24203/ajpnms.v9i1.6499
Sadiq, N., Laila, U., Mehmood, T., & Shafique, M. S. (2021) · Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies · doi:10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1505 · Cited by 1
Conversations of opportunity in diabetes care
Phillips, A. (2021) · Practice Nursing · doi:10.12968/pnur.2021.32.4.142
Stress and anxiety resulting from COVID-19 in the Iranian population – a questionnaire-based studyPreprint
Sadeghi, A., naddab, A. H. G., & Hashemipour, M. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-476425/v1
Betriana, F., Kawai, C., Pamungkas, R. A., Zhao, Y., Tanioka, T., & Locsin, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing & Clinical Practices · doi:10.15344/2394-4978/2020/332
“The review of literature found the following signs and symptoms displayed by persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: depression and depressive symptoms [19,21,22], stress [19-21], anxiety [19,21,22], lower psychological well-being [22], fear [5], and bereavement and grief of family members [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialMokhtari-Hesari, P., Yarmohammadi, H., Bahabadi, M. R., Moghari1, F. N. M. F. N., Maftoon, F., Tavousi, M., Riazi, H., & Montazeri, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-518988/v1
КАРДІОМІОПАТІЯ ТАКОЦУБО В УМОВАХ COVID-19
Дзига, С. В., Бакалець, О. В., & Behosh, N. B. (2021) · Bulletin Of Medical And Biological Research · doi:10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2021.1.12099
Metadata
- Authors
- Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mertens, Gaëtan
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 74
- Pages
- 102258
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7286280
- OpenAlex
- W3020284447
- Cited by
- 1,264
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 209 · 2022: 350 · 2021: 410 · 2020: 100
- FWCI
- 106.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, predictors of fear, health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, worry, media exposure, social media use, personal relevance, safety behavior, economic impact
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Internet, Uncertainty, Young Adult, Pandemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
