Cited by 172Machine Learning in HealthcareArtificial Intelligence in HealthcareMental Health via Writing

Learning vector representation of medical objects via EMR-driven nonnegative restricted Boltzmann machines (eNRBM)

Open access
Tran, Truyen, Nguyen, Tu Dinh, Phung, Dinh, Venkatesh, Svetha·2015·Journal of Biomedical Informatics

Abstract

Electronic medical record (EMR) offers promises for novel analytics. However, manual feature engineering from EMR is labor intensive because EMR is complex - it contains temporal, mixed-type and multimodal data packed in irregular episodes. We present a computational framework to harness EMR with minimal human supervision via restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). The framework derives a new representation of medical objects by embedding them in a low-dimensional vector space. This new representation facilitates algebraic and statistical manipulations such as projection onto 2D plane (thereby offering intuitive visualization), object grouping (hence enabling automated phenotyping), and risk stratification. To enhance model interpretability, we introduced two constraints into model parameters: (a) nonnegative coefficients, and (b) structural smoothness. These result in a novel model called eNRBM (EMR-driven nonnegative RBM). We demonstrate the capability of the eNRBM on a cohort of 7578 mental health patients under suicide risk assessment. The derived representation not only shows clinically meaningful feature grouping but also facilitates short-term risk stratification. The F-scores, 0.21 for moderate-risk and 0.36 for high-risk, are significantly higher than those obtained by clinicians and competitive with the results obtained by support vector machines.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.01.012

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tran, T., Nguyen, T. D., Phung, D., & Venkatesh, S.
Affiliations
Deakin University (AU)
Corresponding author
Tran, Truyen
Venue
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
54
Pages
96-105
ISSN
1532-0464 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2027106132
Cited by
172
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
FWCI
13.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biomedical Informatics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning in Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords
electronic health records, restricted Boltzmann machine, automated phenotyping, suicide risk assessment, psychiatric patients, risk stratification, model interpretability, low-dimensional embedding, multimodal medical data
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Markov Chains, Medical Informatics, Neoplasms, Suicide, Models, Statistical, Neural Networks, Computer, Risk Assessment, Electronic Health Records, Support Vector Machine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review