Similar head impact acceleration measured using instrumented ear patches in a junior rugby union team during matches in comparison with other sports
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Direct impact with the head and the inertial loading of the head have been postulated as major mechanisms of head-related injuries, such as concussion. METHODS: This descriptive observational study was conducted to quantify the head impact acceleration characteristics in under-9-year-old junior rugby union players in New Zealand. The impact magnitude, frequency, and location were collected with a wireless head impact sensor that was worn by 14 junior rugby players who participated in 4 matches. RESULTS: A total of 721 impacts > 10 g were recorded. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of impacts per player was 46 (IQR 37–58), resulting in 10 (IQR 4–18) impacts to the head per player per match. The median impact magnitudes recorded were 15 g (IQR 12 g–21 g) for linear acceleration and 2296 rad/sec 2 (IQR 1352–4152 rad/sec 2) for rotational acceleration. CONCLUSIONS: There were 121 impacts (16.8%) above the rotational injury risk limit and 1 (0.1%) impact above the linear injury risk limit. The acceleration magnitude and number of head impacts in junior rugby union players were higher than those previously reported in similar age-group sports participants. The median linear acceleration for the under-9-year-old rugby players were similar to 7- to 8-year-old American football players, but lower than 9- to 12-year-old youth American football players. The median rotational accelerations measured were higher than the median and 95th percentiles in youth, high school, and collegiate American football players.
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Additional benefits of wearable sensors in the field setting include their applicability in environments where rapid medical care is needed and often not readily available, for example, at the scene of accidents, in military settings, athletics and in resource-constrained environments.
“Additional benefits of wearable sensors in the field setting include their applicability in environments where rapid medical care is needed and often not readily available, for example, at the scene of accidents, in military settings, athletics and in resource-constrained environments (Figure 2) [36,138-140].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [139]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- King, D. A., Hume, P. A., Gissane, C., & Clark, T. N.
- Affiliations
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- St Mary's University Twickenham London (GB)
- Australian College of Physical Education (AU)
- Corresponding author
- King, Doug A.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-72
- ISSN
- 1933-0707 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-0715
- OpenAlex
- W2291664261
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- St Mary's University Repository (St Mary's University Twickenham London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Keywords
- head impact acceleration, concussion, angular acceleration, linear acceleration, youth sports injuries, youth sports
- MeSH terms
- Acceleration, Child, Ear, Football, Craniocerebral Trauma, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Accelerometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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