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Cited by 15Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsDigital Mental Health Interventions

The impact of a smartphone meditation application on anesthesia trainee well-being

Carullo, Philip C., Ungerman, Elizabeth A., Metro, David G., Adams, Phillip S.·2021·Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
DOI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110525
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Abstract

Study objective Physician burnout is a pervasive problem in the United States. The goal of this study was to investigate use of the smartphone meditation application Headspace® as a well-being improvement tool in anesthesia trainees. Design Prospective self-controlled observational study. Setting Anesthesia training program in an academic hospital. Subjects Resident and fellow trainees in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Interventions Resident and fellow trainees were given a free 1-year subscription to the mindfulness application. Participation was voluntary and included questionnaires at baseline, 1 month, and 4 months for assessment of burnout and well-being. Questionnaires were linked with the use of de-identified codes and completed via REDCap. Questionnaires included the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, Becks Depression Index, Cohens Stress Score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a Headspace® Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Measurements Depression, stress, sleep quality, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Main results Of 112 trainees eligible to participate, 71 completed baseline questionnaires, 54 created application accounts, and 29 completed the entire questionnaire protocol with 4 months of app use. Application use was associated with reduced depression scores and increased feelings of personal achievement at both 1 month (p = 0.003, p = 0.066) and 4 months (p = 0.011, p = 0.005). Burnout from feelings of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion did not improve with application use. Over the study period, trainees completed 786 meditation sessions, accounting for 6123 min of app engagement. Conclusions Findings of decreased depression scores and improved feelings of personal achievement suggest that Headspace® could serve as a mindfulness tool for incorporating meditation into the daily practice of anesthesia trainees in an effort to improve well-being.

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  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, personal accomplishment (PA) was significantly improved: Cohen's d SMD 0.22 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [50]

  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, emotional exhaustion (EE) was not significantly reduced: Cohen's d SMD -0.30 (95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [50]

  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, depersonalization (DP) was not significantly reduced: Cohen's d SMD -0.10 (95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [50]

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Authors
Carullo, P. C., Ungerman, E. A., Metro, D. G., & Adams, P. S.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Carullo, Philip C.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-12
Volume
75
Pages
110525
ISSN
0952-8180 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110525
OpenAlex
W3203374498
Cited by
14
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
FWCI
2.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Anesthesia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine
  • Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords
physician burnout, mindfulness meditation, anaesthesia trainees, resident well-being, depression, stress, sleep quality, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, Maslach Burnout Inventory
MeSH terms
Smartphone, Sleep Quality, Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, Burnout, Professional, Humans, Internship and Residency, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Meditation, Mobile Applications

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