Developing an observing attitude: an analysis of meditation diaries in an MBSR clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) is an 8‐week training that is designed to teach participants mindful awareness of the present moment. In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), MBSR has demonstrated efficacy in various conditions including reducing chronic pain‐related distress and improving quality of life in healthy individuals. There have, however, been no qualitative studies investigating participants' descriptions of changes experienced over multiple time points during the course of the programme. This qualitative study of an MBSR cohort (N = 8 healthy individuals) in a larger RCT examined participants' daily diary descriptions of their home‐practice experiences. The study used a two‐part method, combining grounded theory with a close‐ended coding approach. The grounded theory analysis revealed that during the trial, all participants, to varying degrees, described moments of distress related to practice; at the end of the course, all participants who completed the training demonstrated greater detail and clarity in their descriptions, improved affect, and the emergence of an observing self. The closed‐ended coding schema, carried out to shed light on the development of an observing self, revealed that the emergence of an observing self was not related to the valence of participants' experiential descriptions: even participants whose diaries contained predominantly negative characterizations of their experience throughout the trial were able, by the end of the trial, to demonstrate an observing, witnessing attitude towards their own distress. Progress in MBSR may rely less on the valence of participants' experiences and more on the way participants describe and relate to their own inner experience. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: This article • Analyses the ways in which participants in a mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) clinical trial describe their experiences with mindfulness practice. • Carries out qualitative analysis of the ways in which participants' descriptions of home‐based meditation practice contained in their practice diaries change over the course of an 8‐week MBSR trial. • Demonstrates that the participants who successfully completed the 8‐week course show a common developmental trajectory, as each participant used less reactive, judgemental language to describe their home meditative practice‐based experiences by the end of the trial, even when, in the case of some participants, that experience was perceived as negative or distressing. • Suggests that progress in MBSR may rely less on the valence of participants' experience and more on the way participants describe and relate to their own inner experience.
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All except 3 of the observational studies employed quantitative methods.
“All except 3 of the observational studies (88, 90, 94) employed quantitative methods, and its two most recent reports consisted of large surveys that accounted for 58% of the total sample size. (12, 13)”
From Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation‐based therapies: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
The Methods (page unavailable) describe a qualitative analysis of participants’ meditation diaries, supporting this paper as an example of a non-quantitative study. The paper does not establish that exactly three studies were exceptions or that all the other observational studies used quantitative methods. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReports of localized pain varied from the abdomen or stomach to neck pain.
“Reports of localized pain varied from the abdomen or stomach (86, 90) to neck pain. (102)”
From Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation‐based therapies: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
Citation 102 is attached to the neck-pain part of the sentence; the abdomen or stomach reports have separate citations. The Discussion and Conclusion describe pain in the lower back and knee, but searches for “neck pain,” “pain in neck,” and “neck” found no report of neck pain in our copy. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Developments in Qualitative Mindfulness Practice Research: a Pilot Scoping Review
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Adverse effects of meditation: A review of observational, experimental and case studies
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Mindfulness: An effective coaching tool for improving physical and mental health
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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Comorbid Anxiety and Depression
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A Neurophenomenological Investigation of Mindfulness Among Collegiate Musicians
Diaz, F. M., Silveira, J. M., & Strand, K. (2020) · Journal of Research in Music Education · doi:10.1177/0022429420921184 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Swimming against the Stream?: Mindfulness as a Psychosocial Research Methodology
Stanley, S., Barker, M. J., Edwards, V., & McEwen, E. S. (2014) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2014.958394 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rethinking Future Directions of the Mindfulness Field
Tang, Y.-Y., & Tang, R. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1075850 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Meditation and interoception: a conceptual framework for the narrative and experiential self
Gibson, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393969 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The impact of a smartphone meditation application on anesthesia trainee well-being
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Knock yourself out: Brief mindfulness-based meditation eliminates self-prioritization
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Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Clinical Psychology, Buddhadharma, or Both? A Wisdom Perspective
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Effects and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention on insomnia
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Qualitative Methods for Routine Outcome Measurement
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Dispositional mindfulness and self-referential neural activity during the resting state
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“Honorable Toward Your Whole Self”: Experiences of the Body in Fatigued Breast Cancer Survivors
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Self-citationContemplative Inquiry in Movement: Managing Writer´s Block in Academic Writing
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Sustainable benefits of mindfulness training in health professions education
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Who experiences depressive symptoms following mindfulness-based stress reduction and why?
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The Political Consequences of Be(com)ing Mindful. How Mindfulness Might Affect Political Attitudes
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Rethinking Future Directions of the Mindfulness Field
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Mindfulness 101: MSW Students’ Reflections on Developing a Personal Mindfulness Meditation Practice
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Is Self-Centered a Refutation of the Ego-Quieting Hypothesis in Contemplative Practices?
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- Authors
- Kerr, C. E., Josyula, K., & Littenberg, R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kerr, Catherine E.
- ORCID
- Kerr, Catherine E.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 80-93
- ISSN
- 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0879
- PMC
- PMC3032385
- OpenAlex
- W2082586145
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K01AT003459)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, affect, developmental trajectories, inner experience, healthy individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Attitude, Female, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Cohort Studies, Health Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Meditation, Self Report
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