The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence—study limitations (risk of bias)
Abstract
In the GRADE approach, randomized trials start as high-quality evidence and observational studies as low-quality evidence, but both can be rated down if most of the relevant evidence comes from studies that suffer from a high risk of bias. Well-established limitations of randomized trials include failure to conceal allocation, failure to blind, loss to follow-up, and failure to appropriately consider the intention-to-treat principle. More recently recognized limitations include stopping early for apparent benefit and selective reporting of outcomes according to the results. Key limitations of observational studies include use of inappropriate controls and failure to adequately adjust for prognostic imbalance. Risk of bias may vary across outcomes (e.g., loss to follow-up may be far less for all-cause mortality than for quality of life), a consideration that many systematic reviews ignore. In deciding whether to rate down for risk of bias--whether for randomized trials or observational studies--authors should not take an approach that averages across studies. Rather, for any individual outcome, when there are some studies with a high risk, and some with a low risk of bias, they should consider including only the studies with a lower risk of bias.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Certainty of evidence was assessed with use of GRADE tools for RCTs (Guyatt et al., 2011; Ryan & Hill, 2016).”
From Effectiveness of Mental Health and Wellbeing Interventions for Children and Young People in Foster, Kinship, and Residential Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Guyatt et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Additionally, the researchers (JL and WS) will assess the evidence profiles for each of the identified outcomes based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to reviewing evidence [86–88].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Protocol of a systematic review and individual participant data meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
In the citing paper
“Relevant criteria from the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) handbook were used to assess bias in all other study designs [37].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The overall quality of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach, considering study limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision and publication bias [40–44].”
In the citing paper
“We also assessed each study for risk of potential bias following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and recorded the information in the extraction template469.”
From Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study (2024) · cites this paper as [469]
In the citing paper
“Quality of evidence in included systematic reviews was assessed by outcome using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system criteria [17-27].”
From Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“applied the key criteria of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines for observational studies to assess the methodological quality of nonrandomised studies.31”
In the citing paper
“we assessed the risk of selection bias, performance bias, selective reporting bias, detection bias, attrition bias, and potential confounding [32].”
In the citing paper
“The overall quality of research evidence for mental health indicators was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework [32].”
In the citing paper
“The overall quality of evidence was rated as “very low” according to the GRADE framework [32].”
In the citing paper
“Second, the review used a rigorous methodology following the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses [26] and GRADE framework [32].”
In the citing paper
“RCTs are first categorised as high-quality evidence in the GRADE system, while observational studies are classified as low-quality data supporting estimates of intervention effects.”
In the citing paper
“To determine the quality of evidence, the GRADE approach was used [29–36].”
In the citing paper
“Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for RCTs, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.”
Citations
Cites
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Geerts, W. H., Pineo, G. F., Heit, J. A., Bergqvist, D., Lassen, M. R., Colwell, C. W., & Ray, J. G. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338s · Cited by 5,889
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Geerts, W. H., Heit, J. A., Clagett, G. P., Pineo, G. F., Colwell, C. W., Anderson, F. A., & Wheeler, H. B. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.132s · Cited by 4,368
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K. F., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., Gluud, C., Martin, R. M., Wood, A. J. G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.ad · Cited by 2,538
The Hazards of Scoring the Quality of Clinical Trials for Meta-analysis
Jüni, P. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1054 · Cited by 1,981
Chan, A.-W., Hróbjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.20.2457 · Cited by 1,845
Sanderson, S., Tatt, I. D., & Higgins, J. P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym018 · Cited by 1,531
Moher, D., Jadad, A. R., Nichol, G., Penman, M., Tugwell, P., & Walsh, S. (1995) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(94)00031-w · Cited by 1,308
Users' guides to the medical literature : a manual for evidence-based clinical practice
Guyatt, G. H., Rennie, D., Meade, M. O., & Cook, D. J. (2002) · Cited by 1,196
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,022
Rehfuess, E. A., & Akl, E. A. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-9 · Cited by 93
Self-citationMRA Versus DSA for Follow-Up of Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms: A Meta-Analysis
van Amerongen, M. J., Boogaarts, H. D., de Vries, J., Verbeek, A. L. M., Meijer, F. J. A., Prokop, M., & Bartels, R. (2013) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3700 · Cited by 94
Hartmann, S., Farris, R. W. D., Gennaro, J. L. D., & Roberts, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066614530839 · Cited by 94
Non-technical skills in minimally invasive surgery teams: a systematic review
Gjeraa, K., Spanager, L., Konge, L., Petersen, R. H., & Østergaard, D. (2016) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-016-4890-1 · Cited by 94
Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants
Weston, P. J., Harris, D. L., BATTIN, M. R., Brown, J., Hegarty, J. E., & Harding, J. E. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011027.pub2 · Cited by 98
Moon, K.-J., & Lee, S. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.021 · Cited by 91
on behalf of the European Headache Federation (EHF), T. E. S. O. C. A. R. H. (., Sacco, S., Merki‐Feld, G. S., Ægidius, K. L., Bitzer, J., Canonico, M., Gantenbein, A. R., Kurth, T., Lampl, C., Lidegaard, Ø., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0896-5 · Cited by 93
Prenatal exercise is not associated with fetal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Davenport, M. H., Kathol, A. J., Mottola, M. F., Skow, R. J., Meah, V. L., Poitras, V. J., Garcia, A. J., Gray, C. E., Barrowman, N., Riske, L. A., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099773 · Cited by 98
Direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C
Jakobsen, J. C., Nielsen, E. E., Feinberg, J. B., Katakam, K. K., Fobian, K., Hauser, G., Poropat, G., Djurisic, S., Weiss, K. H., Bjelaković, M., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012143.pub3 · Cited by 98
Predicting Neurologic Outcome After Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest
Golan, E., Barrett, K. A., Alali, A. S., Duggal, A., Jichici, D., Pinto, R. L., Morrison, L. J., & Scales, D. C. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000335 · Cited by 93
Murgatroyd, D. F., Casey, P. P., Cameron, I. D., & Harris, I. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117597 · Cited by 92
Consensus development for healthcare professionals
Kea, B., & Sun, B. (2014) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-014-1156-6 · Cited by 93
Should we believe in transfusion-associated enterocolitis? Applying a GRADE to the literature
Hay, S., Zupancic, J. A. F., Flannery, D. D., Kirpalani, H. M., & Dukhovny, D. (2016) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.021 · Cited by 92
Takada, T., Isaji, S., Mayumi, T., Yoshida, M., Takeyama, Y., Itoi, T., Sano, K., Iizawa, Y., Masamune, A., Hirota, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbp.1146 · Cited by 103
“Based on the general consensus, the following factors are considered important: (1) history of previous postERCP pancreatitis, (2) more than two contrast injections into pancreatic duct, (3) sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, (4) age less than 50 years, (5) female gender, (6) difficult biliary duct cannulation, (7) biliar…”
BackgroundDavenport, M. H., Sobierajski, F., Mottola, M. F., Skow, R. J., Meah, V. L., Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Jaramillo Garcia, A., Barrowman, N., Riske, L., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099829 · Cited by 90
Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults
Bjelaković, G., Nikolova, D., Bjelaković, M., & Gluud, C. N. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011564.pub2 · Cited by 95
Systematic Review of the Effect on Caries of Sugars Intake: Ten-Year Update
Moores, C. J., Kelly, S. A., & Moynihan, P. J. (2022) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345221082918 · Cited by 93
Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin
Novoa, M. P., Baselga, E., Beltran, S., Giraldo, L., Shahbaz, A., Hernandez, H. P., & Arévalo-Rodríguez, I. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006545.pub3 · Cited by 90
Gooßen, K., Becker, M., Marshall, M. R., Bühn, S., Breuing, J., Firanek, C. A., Heß, S., Nariai, H., Sloand, J. A., Yao, Q., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.004 · Cited by 93
Uhlig, K., Efremov, L., Tongers, J., Frantz, S., Mikolajczyk, R., Sedding, D., & Schumann, J. E. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009669.pub4 · Cited by 91
Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old
Figuls, M. R. I., Giné‐Garriga, M., Granados, C., Perrotta, C., & Vilaró, J. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004873.pub5 · Cited by 91
Dijkers, M. P. J. M. (2013) · Cited by 90
Stress, Anxiety, and Weight Gain among University and College Students: A Systematic Review
Haidar, S. A., de Vries, N. K., Karavetian, M., & Rassi, R. E. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.015 · Cited by 103
Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, T., Wang, J., Ma, K., Shi, C., Yu, X., & Li, C. (2019) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2018-100043 · Cited by 89
Chen, Y., Ma, G., Hu, Y., Yang, Q., de Avila, J. M., Zhu, M. J., & Du, . (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01499-6 · Cited by 94
Price, R. A., Quigley, D. D., Hargraves, J. L., Sorra, J., Becerra-Ornelas, A. U., Hays, R. D., Cleary, P. D., Brown, J. A., & Elliott, M. N. (2022) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001784 · Cited by 89
Methodological considerations of the GRADE method
Malmivaara, A. V. (2014) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.969766 · Cited by 91
Eriksen, P. R. G., Bartels, E. M., Altman, R. D., Bliddal, H., Juhl, C. B., & Christensen, R. (2014) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22376 · Cited by 87
Hao, C., Wu, F., Shen, J., Lu, L., Fu, D.-L., Liao, W., & Zheng, G. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/630124 · Cited by 87
Mallee, W. H., Weel, H., van Dijk, C. N., van Tulder, M. W., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & Lin, C. C. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093246 · Cited by 87
Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events
Martí-Carvajal, A. J., Solà, I., Lathyris, D., Karakitsiou, D.-E., & Simancas‐Racines, D. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006612.pub3 · Cited by 87
A Systematic Review of Mandatory Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel
Pitts, S. I., Maruthur, N. M., Millar, K., Perl, T. M., & Segal, J. B. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.035 · Cited by 86
Stock, S. R., Nicolakakis, N., Vézina, N., Vézina, M., Gilbert, L., Turcot, A., Sultan‐Taïeb, H., Sinden, K. E., Denis, M., Delga, C., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3696 · Cited by 87
Kinaci, A., Algra, A., Heuts, S. G., O'Donnell, D., van der Zwan, A., & van Doormaal, T. P. C. (2018) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.196 · Cited by 86
Suzumura, E. A., Bersch-Ferreira, Â. C., Torreglosa, C. R., da Silva, J. T., Coqueiro, A. Y., Kuntz, M. G. F., Chrispim, P. P., Weber, B., & Cavalcanti, A. B. (2019) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz001 · Cited by 85
Fitzcharles, M., Ste‐Marie, P. A., Häuser, W., Clauw, D. J., Jamal, S., Karsh, J., Landry, T., LECLERCQ, S. A., McDougall, J. J., Shir, Y., et al. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22727 · Cited by 91
Liossi, C., Johnstone, L., Lilley, S., Caes, L., Williams, G., & Schoth, D. E. (2019) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.024 · Cited by 88
Jayedi, A., Zeraattalab-Motlagh, S., Ganjeh, B. J., Hosseini, Y., Jibril, A. T., Shahinfar, H., Mirrafiei, A., Hosseini, F. Z., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac066 · Cited by 89
Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Poot, C. C., Meijer, E., Kruis, A. L., Smidt, N., Chavannes, N. H., & Honkoop, P. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009437.pub3 · Cited by 92
Liu, X., Wang, Y., Qiu, G., Weng, X., & Yu, B. (2013) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-013-2880-8 · Cited by 87
Physiotherapy methods to facilitate pelvic floor muscle contraction: A systematic review
Mateus-Vasconcelos, E. C. L., Ribeiro, A. M., Antônio, F. I., Brito, L. G. D. O., & Ferreira, C. H. J. (2017) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1419520 · Cited by 85
Ayaram, D., Bellolio, F., Murad, M. H., Laack, T. A., Sadosty, A. T., Erwin, P. J., Hollander, J. E., Montori, V. M., Stiell, I. G., & Hess, E. P. (2013) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12210 · Cited by 83
Self-citationRemoval of foreign body airway obstruction: A systematic review of interventions
Couper, K., Hassan, A. A., Ohri, V., Patterson, E., Tang, H. T., Bingham, R. M., Olasveengen, T. M., & Perkins, G. D. (2020) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.007 · Cited by 89
Smart, K. M., Ferraro, M. C., Wand, B. M., & O'Connell, N. E. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010853.pub3 · Cited by 89
Marx, R. A., Tanner‐Smith, E. E., Davison, C., Ufholz, L., Freeman, J., Shankar, R., Newton, L., Brown, R. S., Parpia, A. S., Cozma, I., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009467.pub2 · Cited by 93
Sex and gender considerations in Canadian clinical practice guidelines: a systematic review
Tannenbaum, C., Clow, B., Haworth-Brockman, M. J., & Voss, P. (2017) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160051 · Cited by 86
Managements of sleep bruxism in adult: A systematic review
Minakuchi, H., Fujisawa, M., Abe, Y., Iida, T., Oki, K., Okura, K., Tanabe, N., & Nishiyama, A. (2022) · Japanese Dental Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.02.004 · Cited by 83
“These components consisted of risk of bias [26], indirectness [27], imprecision [28], inconsistency [29], and publication bias [30].”
BackgroundSurgical excision and follow-up of nondysplastic oral leukoplakia. A systematic review
Sato, H., Nakayama, H., Yagyuu, T., Abe, M., Suzuki, T., Takeda, D., Adachi, M., Yuasa, H., Uzawa, N., & Kurita, H. (2024) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajoms.2024.11.009 · Cited by 83
O'Donnell, A. J., McParlin, C., Robson, S. C., Beyer, F. R., Moloney, E., Bryant, A., Bradley, J., Muirhead, C. R., Nelson‐Piercy, C., Newbury‐Birch, D., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20740 · Cited by 88
Effects of weight changes in the autonomic nervous system: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Costa, J., Moreira, A. M., Moreira, P. A. M., Delgado, L., & Silva, D. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.006 · Cited by 88
Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Díaz Martinez, J. P., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Zeraatkar, D., Izcovich, A., Mangala, S., Ge, L., Han, M. A., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2231 · Cited by 79
“94 Given that ours is a living systematic review, the risk of publication bias may be amplified, since trials with more positive or promising .”
Self-citationHossain, M., Chisti, M. J., Hossain, M. I., Mahfuz, M., Islam, M. M., & Ahmed, T. (2017) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13443 · Cited by 82
HHV-8 seroprevalence: a global view
Rohner, E., Wyss, N., Trelle, S., Mbulaiteye, S. M., Egger, M., Novak, U., Zwahlen, M., & Bohlius, J. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-11 · Cited by 82
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas
Abdel-Rahman, O. M., Elsayed, Z., & Elhalawani, H. M. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011746.pub2 · Cited by 82
Glenn, A. J., Viguiliouk, E., Seider, M., Boucher, B. A., Khan, T. A., Mejía, S. B., Jenkins, D. J. A., Kahleová, H., Rahelić, D., Salas‐Salvadó, J., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00080 · Cited by 89
Candy, B., Armstrong, M., Flemming, K., Kupeli, N., Stone, P. C., Vickerstaff, V., & Wilkinson, S. (2019) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216319884198 · Cited by 88
Wang, D.-Q., & Fawzi, W. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01317-6 · Cited by 73
Zajkowska, Z., Walsh, A. E. L., Zonca, V., Gullett, N., Pedersen, G. A., Kieling, C., Swartz, J. R., Karmacharya, R., Fisher, H. L., Kohrt, B. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.003 · Cited by 87
Foam dressings for treating pressure ulcers
Walker, R., Gillespie, B. M., Thalib, L., Higgins, N., & Whitty, J. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011332.pub2 · Cited by 81
Montori, V. M., LeBlanc, A., Buchholz, A., Stilwell, D., & Τσάπας, Α. (2013) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-s2-s5 · Cited by 84
Self-citationManagement of Central Poststroke Pain
Mulla, S. M., Wang, L., Khokhar, R., Izhar, Z., Agarwal, A., Couban, R., Buckley, D. N., Moulin, D. E., Panju, A. A., Makosso‐Kallyth, S., et al. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.010259 · Cited by 81
Self-citationThe impact of primary care reform on health system performance in Canada: a systematic review
Carter, R., Riverin, B. D., Lévesque, J., Gariépy, G., & Quesnel‐Vallée, A. (2016) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1571-7 · Cited by 80
Fevang, E., Perkins, Z., Lockey, D., Jeppesen, E., & Lossius, H. M. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1787-x · Cited by 80
Johal, H. S., Khan, M., Yung, P. S., Dhillon, M. S., Fu, F. H., Bedi, A., & Bhandari, M. (2019) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738119834972 · Cited by 80
Kuzik, N., da Costa, B. G. G., Hwang, Y., Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Rollo, S., Tremblay, M. S., Bélanger, S. A., Carson, V., Davis, M. J., Hornby, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01258-4 · Cited by 101
“, very low = true effect is distinctly different from the estimated effect; high = confident that the true effect is close to the estimated effect) [36].”
BackgroundMethodHigher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants
Osborn, D. A., Schindler, T., Jones, L. J., Sinn, J. K. H., & Bolisetty, S. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005949.pub2 · Cited by 80
Tam, D. Y., Vo, T. X., Wijeysundera, H. C., Dvir, D., Friedrich, J. O., & Fremes, S. E. (2018) · Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1002/ccd.27686 · Cited by 80
Sud, S., Friedrich, J. O., Adhikari, N. K. J., Fan, E., Ferguson, N. D., Guyatt, G. H., & Meade, M. O. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202008-3039oc · Cited by 80
Self-citationKinugasa, Y., Uehara, K., Yamaguchi, K., Saito, Y., Murofushi, K. N., Sugai, T., Ishiguro, M., Ishihara, S., Ueno, H., Oka, S., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-025-02899-8 · Cited by 99
Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion
Simancas‐Racines, D., Osorio, D., Martí-Carvajal, A. J., & Arévalo-Rodríguez, I. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009745.pub2 · Cited by 84
Termannsen, A., Clemmensen, K. K. B., Thomsen, J. M., Nørgaard, O., Díaz, L. J., Torekov, S. S., Quist, J. S., & Færch, K. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13462 · Cited by 78
Hall, C. C., Cook, J., Maddocks, M. M., Skipworth, R. J. E., Fallon, M., & Laird, B. J. A. (2019) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-019-04749-6 · Cited by 79
Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease
Elbers, R. G., Verhoef, J., van Wegen, E. E. H., Berendse, H. W., & Kwakkel, G. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010925.pub2 · Cited by 78
Urbanization and non-communicable disease in Southeast Asia: a review of current evidence
Angkurawaranon, C., Jiraporncharoen, W., Chenthanakij, B., Doyle, P., & Nitsch, D. (2014) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.08.003 · Cited by 84
Warby, S. A., Pizzari, T., Ford, J. J., Hahne, A. J., & Watson, L. (2013) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2013.08.006 · Cited by 79
Single Versus Double Balloon Enteroscopy for Small Bowel Diagnostics
Lipka, S., Rabbanifard, R., Kumar, A., & Brady, P. G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000274 · Cited by 78
Terlipressin for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding
Zhou, X., Tripathi, D., Song, T., Shao, L., Han, B., Zhu, J. Y., Han, D., Liu, F., & Qi, X. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013437 · Cited by 80
GRADE-Leitlinien: 3. Bewertung der Qualität der Evidenz (Vertrauen in die Effektschätzer)
Meerpohl, J. J., Langer, G., Perleth, M., Gartlehner, G., Kaminski-Hartenthaler, A., & Schünemann, H. J. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2012.06.013 · Cited by 77
Clijsen, R., Fuchs, J., & Taeymans, J. (2014) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20130310 · Cited by 77
Kessel, L., Andresen, J. L., Erngaard, D., Flesner, P., Tendal, B., & Hjortdal, J. (2015) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12758 · Cited by 78
The Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen 2015
Mayumi, T., Yoshida, M., Tazuma, S., Furukawa, A., Nishii, O., Shigematsu, K., Azuhata, T., Itakura, A., Kamei, S., Kondo, H., et al. (2015) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-015-0489-z · Cited by 85
Rieger, K. L., Chernomas, W. M., McMillan, D. E., Morin, F. L., & Demczuk, L. (2016) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003188 · Cited by 84
Oxygen Saturation Targets in Preterm Infants and Outcomes at 18–24 Months: A Systematic Review
Manja, V., Saugstad, O. D., & Lakshminrusimha, S. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1609 · Cited by 77
El Dib, R., Periyasamy, A. G., de Barros, J. L., França, C. G., Senefonte, F. L., Vesentini, G., Alves, M. G. O., Rodrigues, J. V. D. S., Gomaa, H., Gomes Júnior, J. R., et al. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.027 · Cited by 75
Safety of Benzathine Penicillin for Preventing Congenital Syphilis: A Systematic Review
Galvão, T. F., Silva, M. T., Serruya, S. J., Newman, L. M., Klausner, J. D., Pereira, M. G., & Fescina, R. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056463 · Cited by 76
Angkurawaranon, C., Jiraporncharoen, W., Chenthanakij, B., Doyle, P., & Nitsch, D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113547 · Cited by 78
Raftery, J. P., Young, A. J., Stanton, L., Milne, R., Cook, A., Turner, D., & Davidson, P. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19110 · Cited by 73
Effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids to treat COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis
on behalf of COVID-19 Evidence and Recommendations Working Group, Lu, S., Zhou, Q. X., Huang, L., Shi, Q., Zhao, S., Wang, Z., Li, W., Tang, Y., Ma, Y., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-3307 · Cited by 74
Sleep timing and health indicators in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Dutil, C., Podinic, I., Sadler, C. M., da Costa, B. G. G., Janssen, I., Ross‐White, A., Saunders, T. J., Tomasone, J. R., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.42.4.04 · Cited by 75
Watkins, K., Wood, H. A., Schneider, C. R., & Clifford, R. M. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0337-7 · Cited by 79
Stratification by quality induced selection bias in a meta-analysis of clinical trials
Stone, J., Gurunathan, U., Glass, K., Munn, Z., Tugwell, P., & Doi, S. A. R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.11.015 · Cited by 78
“Evidence‐Based Interventional Pain Medicine According to Clinical Diagnoses”: Update 2018
Huygen, F. J. P. M., Kallewaard, J. W., van Tulder, M. W., Boxem, K. V., Vissers, K. C. P., van Kleef, M., & Zundert, J. H. M. V. (2019) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12786 · Cited by 75
Systematic review and meta-analysis of glyphosate exposure and risk of lymphohematopoietic cancers
Chang, E. T., & Delzell, E. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B · doi:10.1080/03601234.2016.1142748 · Cited by 74
Luigi, M., Dellazizzo, L., Giguère, C., Goulet, M., & Dumais, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00840 · Cited by 75
Assessing the certainty of the evidence in systematic reviews: importance, process, and use
Brignardello‐Petersen, R., & Guyatt, G. H. (2024) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwae332 · Cited by 91
“11 In our example, the authors found 6 studies addressing the relationship between breakfast cereal and all-cause mortality.”
Self-citationSystematic review: anal and rectal changes after radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Krol, R., Smeenk, R. J., van Lin, E. N. J. T., Yeoh, E. K., & Hopman, W. P. M. (2013) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-013-1784-8 · Cited by 74
Vaccine‐Preventable Travel Health Risks: What Is the Evidence—What Are the Gaps?
Steffen, R. J., Behrens, R. H., Hill, D. R., Greenaway, C. A., & Leder, K. S. (2014) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1111/jtm.12171 · Cited by 74
Et, H., Mansouri, J., Murad, M. H., Ws, J., Mb, S., Tettelbach, W. H., & Er, W. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 74
Weibel, S., Jelting, Y., Afshari, A., Pace, N. L., Eberhart, L. H. J., Jokinen, J., Artmann, T., & Kranke, P. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011989.pub2 · Cited by 74
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review
Shiraev, T. P., & Bullen, A. S. (2017) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2017.10.020 · Cited by 74
Metadata
- Authors
- Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Alonso-Coello, P., Montori, V., Akl, E. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Falck-Ytter, Y.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Nasjonalt Kunnskapssenter for Helsetjenesten (NO)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Guyatt, Gordon H.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 407-415
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981680557
- Cited by
- 2,798
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 238 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 264 · 2021: 280 · 2020: 284 · 2019: 198 · 2018: 184 · 2017: 180 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 179 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 100.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- GRADE, risk of bias, quality of evidence, observational studies, allocation concealment, blinding, loss to follow-up, intention-to-treat analysis, early stopping, selective reporting
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Publication Bias, Risk Assessment, Evidence-Based Practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
