Increased Glucose Uptake in Visceral Versus Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Revealed by PET Imaging
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The current study tested the hypothesis that glucose utilization differs between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and investigated potential mechanisms for such a finding. Background VAT burden correlates better with cardiovascular risk than does SAT burden. Beyond volumetric measurement, glucose uptake in adipose tissue (AT) might reflect metabolic activity and provide pathophysiologic insight and aid risk stratification. Methods We retrospectively studied tissue-specific glucose uptake in vivo in clinically obtained whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans in humans. We also assessed glucose uptake in vitro, using stromal vascular cells isolated from SAT and VAT of diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluated the expression of multiple genes involved in cellular glucose metabolism, including glucose transporters (GLUT-1, -3, and -4) and hexokinases (HK-1 and -2) in SAT and VAT of obese C57BL/6 mice. Results We analyzed whole-body FDG-PET scans from 31 obese and 26 lean patients. VAT exhibited higher FDG uptake compared with SAT (p < 0.0001) independent of age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, and medications. To investigate mechanisms underlying this observation, we studied glucose uptake in the stromal vascular cell fraction of AT, which is rich in inflammatory cells. Stromal vascular cells from VAT of diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice exhibited higher glucose uptake than those from SAT (p = 0.01). Evaluation of expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1, -3, and -4) and hexokinases (HK-1 and -2), revealed increased expression of HK-1 in VAT-derived compared with SAT-derived stromal vascular cells, and also in visceral versus subcutaneous unfractionated AT. Conclusions In humans in vivo, VAT has increased glucose uptake compared with SAT, as determined noninvasively with FDG PET imaging. Differential stromal metabolic activity may be 1 mechanism underlying differences in metabolic activity of visceral and subcutaneous AT.
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The correlation between SUV and BMI can be partly explained mathematically by incorrect estimation of distribution volume in obese patients if total body mass is used instead of lean body mass.
“This correlation can be partly explained mathematically by the incorrect estimation of the distribution volume in obese patients if total body mass is used instead of lean body mass (due to the relatively low [18F]FDG accumulation in fat tissue [4]) [5].”
From Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
The Materials and methods section (page unavailable) says SUV was calculated using patient weight, supporting the total-body-mass part of the claim. It does not say that this misestimates distribution volume in obese patients, compare total with lean body mass, or explain an SUV–BMI correlation on that basis. (LLM, conf=0.79)
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- Authors
- Christen, T., Sheikine, Y., Rocha, V. Z., Hurwitz, S., Goldfine, A. B., Di Carli, M., & Libby, P.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Libby, Peter
- Venue
- JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 843-851
- ISSN
- 1876-7591 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-878X
- PMC
- PMC4042675
- OpenAlex
- W2166324463
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2014-03-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Donald W. Reynolds Foundation (U01HL080731)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, glucose uptake, FDG-PET, adipose tissue metabolism, stromal vascular cells, glucose transporters, GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2, obesity, diet-induced obesity, C57BL/6 mice, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Biological Transport, Cells, Cultured, Deoxyglucose, Female, Glucose, Hexokinase, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Middle Aged, Obesity, Retrospective Studies, RNA, Messenger, Up-Regulation, Chi-Square Distribution, Stromal Cells, Radiopharmaceuticals, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Positron-Emission Tomography, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Mice
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