Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to examine whether magnesium intake is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Background Animal and cell studies suggest that magnesium may prevent calcification within atherosclerotic plaques underlying cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the association of magnesium intake and atherosclerotic calcification in humans. Methods We examined cross-sectional associations of self-reported total (dietary and supplemental) magnesium intake estimated by food frequency questionnaire with CAC and AAC in participants of the Framingham Heart Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and underwent Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) of the heart and abdomen (n = 2,695; age: 53 ± 11 years), using multivariate-adjusted Tobit regression. CAC and AAC were quantified using modified Agatston scores (AS). Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, total-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, use of hormone replacement therapy (women only), menopausal status (women only), treatment for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease prevention, or diabetes, as well as self-reported intake of calcium, vitamins D and K, saturated fat, fiber, alcohol, and energy. Secondary analyses included logistic regressions of CAC and AAC outcomes as cut-points (AS >0 and AS ≥90th percentile for age and sex), as well as sex-stratified analyses. Results In fully adjusted models, a 50-mg/day increment in self-reported total magnesium intake was associated with 22% lower CAC (p < 0.001) and 12% lower AAC (p = 0.07). Consistent with these observations, the odds of having any CAC were 58% lower (p trend: <0.001) and any AAC were 34% lower (p trend: 0.01), in those with the highest compared to those with the lowest magnesium intake. Stronger inverse associations were observed in women than in men. Conclusions In community-dwelling participants free of cardiovascular disease, self-reported magnesium intake was inversely associated with arterial calcification, which may play a contributing role in magnesium's protective associations in stroke and fatal coronary heart disease.
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Magnesium levels are inversely related to coronary artery calcification.
“Alternatively, magnesium levels could also contribute to the increased CAC scores in athletes since magnesium levels are inversely related to CAC 42 and athletes may 43 have low magnesium levels.”
From Relationship between lifelong exercise volume and coronary atherosclerosis in athletes. (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
The Discussion reports that higher self-reported magnesium intake was associated with lower CAC in people free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease. The claim says “magnesium levels,” but this study measured intake, not circulating magnesium levels; it also did not establish the association in athletes. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Hruby, A., O'Donnell, C. J., Jacques, P. F., Meigs, J. B., Hoffmann, U., & McKeown, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McKeown, Nicola M.
- Venue
- JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-69
- ISSN
- 1876-7591 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-878X
- PMC
- PMC3957229
- OpenAlex
- W74395322
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 9.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- dietary magnesium, coronary artery calcification, abdominal aortic calcification, atherosclerotic calcification, magnesium supplementation, sex differences, Framingham Heart Study, Agatston score, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Calcinosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnesium, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Angiography, Dietary Supplements, Multidetector Computed Tomography
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