The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Partitioning of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from soil to groundwater within aqueous film-forming foam source zones
Open accessAbstract
Metadata from on-going site investigations at U.S. Air Force sites impacted by Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) were used to evaluate primary factors that affect transport of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) within source zones. Soil-to-groundwater ratios (γ Soil-GW ) were calculated for each site and PFAS as an empirical transport metric and regressed against select soil chemical and physical properties, as well as relevant interactions thereof, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Total organic carbon and percent total clay content were significant covariates and best fit log-transformed γ Soil-GW with a parallel lines model. Regression parameters were used to derive apparent K OC estimates for 15 perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, and the 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates, which were bimodal where significant differences were primarily observed between PFAS with fewer than 8 perfluorinated carbons (including perfluorooctoanoic acid; PFOA) and those with 8 or more (including perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOS). Surprisingly, clay content was observed with a negative slope (i.e., γ Soil-GW decreased with increasing clay content), which may reflect greater retardation at more permeable sites due to air-water interfacial partitioning. Further analysis demonstrated that γ Soil-GW is also affected by the degree of flushing in a way that suggests mass transfer (as opposed to hysteretic desorption) primarily controls mass discharge at poorly flushed sit…
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In the citing paper
“Anderson et al. (2019) reported a meta-analysis of PFAS soil-to-groundwater concentration ratios for samples collected from 324 AFFF source-zone sites across 56 military installations distributed throughout the continental U.S. The results demonstrated that soil is a significant reservoir for PFAS at these contaminated sites.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Conversely, the ratios were positive for the vast majority (87%) of data, reflecting greater soil concentrations.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Thus, the results are consistent with the analysis reported by Anderson et al. (2019).”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Approximately 13% of the Soil-GW ratios were negative, reflecting soil concentrations that were lower than the corresponding groundwater concentrations.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Anderson et al. (2019) reported metadata specifically on this topic based on the database of AFFF-impacted sites at U.S. Air Force Bases. Ratios of soil-to-groundwater (Soil-GW) concentrations were reported for all tabulated PFAS for all assessed sampling sites. The aggregate Soil-GW ratio was observed to vary over 9 orders of magnitude, with log-transformed values ranging from approximately −2 to”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“The peak log-transformed ratio was approximately 2, reflecting soil concentrations ~100-times greater than groundwater.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated that soils and vadose zones at these types of sites typically contain large quantities of PFAS and therefore are likely to serve as long-term sources.13,14”
From Contribution of Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids to the Retention and Transport of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Porous Media (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses of contaminated sites globally, including those where AFFF was used, also show higher PFAS concentrations in the vadose zone compared to underlying groundwater.47,48”
From Centurial Persistence of Forever Chemicals at Military Fire Training Sites (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the concentrations of PFAS in soils are typically significantly higher than those in underlying groundwater, often by orders of magnitude (Anderson et al., 2019; Brusseau et al., 2020).”
From PFAS concentrations in soil versus soil porewater: Mass distributions and the impact of adsorption at air-water interfaces (2022) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Moreover, they also observed an increase in PFAA transport with the degree of flushing.”
From Perfluoroalkyl acids on suspended particles: Significant transport pathways in surface runoff, surface waters, and subsurface soils (2021) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“A previous study (Anderson et al., 2019) observed an increase in PFAA sorption onto the soil with an increase in organic carbon content and decreasing clay content.”
From Perfluoroalkyl acids on suspended particles: Significant transport pathways in surface runoff, surface waters, and subsurface soils (2021) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Generally, it is expected that an increase in precipitation in an area could increase the amount of water flushed through subsurface soil, which could increase the desorption of PFAS from subsurface soil to groundwater (Anderson et al., 2019).”
From Perfluoroalkyl acids on suspended particles: Significant transport pathways in surface runoff, surface waters, and subsurface soils (2021) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“The observation of PFAS concentrations in soil often being orders of magnitude greater than those in groundwater has been reported in prior studies (Anderson et al. 2019; Brusseau et al., 2020).”
From Global distributions, source-type dependencies, and concentration ranges of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater (2022) · cites this paper as Anderson et al. 2019
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hunter Anderson, R., Adamson, D. T., & Stroo, H. F.
- ORCID
- Hunter Anderson, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 220
- Pages
- 59-65
- ISSN
- 0169-7722 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2902144279
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, aqueous film-forming foam, source zone, organic carbon partition coefficient, clay content, total organic carbon, PFOS, fluorotelomer sulfonates, mass transfer, groundwater contamination, military base contamination
- MeSH terms
- Fluorocarbons, Soil, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Groundwater
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