Cited by 399Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsWastewater Treatment and Reuse

Occurrence and Fate of Perfluorochemicals in Soil Following the Land Application of Municipal Biosolids

Sepulvado, Jennifer G., Blaine, Andrea C., Hundal, Lakhwinder S., Higgins, Christopher P.·2011·Environmental Science & Technology

Abstract

The recent implementation of soil and drinking water screening guidance values for two perfluorochemicals (PFCs), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), reflects the growing concerns regarding the presence of these persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals in the natural environment. Previous work has established the potential risk to the environment from the land application of industrially contaminated biosolids, but studies focusing on environmental risk from land application of typical municipal biosolids are lacking. Thus, the present study investigated the occurrence and fate of PFCs from land-applied municipal biosolids by evaluating the levels, mass balance, desorption, and transport of PFCs in soils receiving application of municipal biosolids at various loading rates. This study is the first to report levels of PFCs in agricultural soils amended with typical municipal biosolids. PFOS was the dominant PFC in both biosolids (80-219 ng/g) and biosolids-amended soil (2-483 ng/g). Concentrations of all PFCs in soil increased linearly with increasing biosolids loading rate. These data were used to develop a model for predicting PFC soil concentrations in soils amended with typical municipal biosolids using cumulative biosolids loading rates. Mass balance calculations comparing PFCs applied vs those recovered in the surface soil interval indicated the potential transformation of PFC precursors. Laboratory desorption experiments indicated that the leaching potential of PFCs decreases with increasing chain length and that previously derived organic-carbon normalized partition coefficients may not be accurate predictors of the desorption of long-chain PFCs from biosolids-amended soils. Trace levels of PFCs were also detected in soil cores from biosolids-amended soils to depths of 120 cm, suggesting potential movement of these compounds within the soil profile over time and confirming the higher transport potential for short-chain PFCs in soils amended with municipal biosolids.

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Crossref · 10.1021/es103903d

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Authors
Sepulvado, J. G., Blaine, A. C., Hundal, L. S., & Higgins, C. P.
Affiliations
  • Colorado School of Mines (US)
  • Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Higgins, Christopher P.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Published
2011-03-29
Volume
45
Issue
19
Pages
8106-8112
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
OpenAlex
W2038158587
Cited by
399
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 11
FWCI
13.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Water Environment Research Foundation
  • Water Research Foundation
  • Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Keywords
perfluorochemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, municipal biosolids, land application, biosolids-amended soil, mass balance, desorption, leaching potential, partition coefficient, soil core, vertical transport, loading rate
MeSH terms
Caprylates, Chicago, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Kinetics, Sewage, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Surface Properties, Time Factors, Linear Models, Alkanesulfonic Acids

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