The plasma simulation code: A modern particle-in-cell code with patch-based load-balancing
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H+ ions accounted for about 10% of the ion current density due to their small mass, so these ions should not be omitted.
“Despite this, the H + ions accounted for about 10% of the ion current density due to their small mass, so these ions should not be omitted.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
Another set of works studied numerically ECR discharges with a grid extraction system using a simplified approach where the MW fields were calculated from Eqs. (10) and (11) but without taking into account the plasma contribution, i.e., with j = 0.
“Another set of works 26,116,156-160 studied numerically ECR discharges with a grid extraction system. They used the aforementioned simplified approach, where the MW fields were calculated from Eqs. (10) and (11), but without taking into account the plasma contribution, i.e., with j = 0.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
Ref. 158 simulated a similar discharge in water vapor, accounting only for a few positive ion species, and found that in order to obtain the same electron density, a higher power is needed compared to discharges in Xe.
“Unlike the previous works considering ECR discharge in Xe, Ref. 158 simulated a similar discharge in water vapor, albeit accounting only for a few positive ion species, and found that in order to obtain the same electron density, a higher power is needed compared to discharges in Xe (see Sec. VA for details).”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
H2O+ and OH+ dominated over H+ and occupied more than 97%.
“It was also seen that H2O + and OH + dominated over H + , and occupied more than 97%.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
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Self-citationKlion, H., Jambunathan, R., Rowan, M., Yang, E., Willcox, D., Vay, J.-L., Lehé, R., Myers, A. T., Huebl, A., & Zhang, W. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd75b · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Relating the Phases of Magnetic Reconnection Growth to Energy Transport Mechanisms in the Exhaust
Payne, D., Torbert, R. B., Germaschewski, K., Forbes, T. G., & Shuster, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2023ja032015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationParticle-in-cell simulations of expanding high energy density plasmas with laser ray tracing
Lezhnin, K. V., Totorica, S., Hyder, A., Griff-McMahon, J., Adams, M. B., Tzeferacos, P., Diallo, A., & Fox, W. (2025) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0240547 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient Data Structures for a Hybrid Parallel and Vectorized Particle-in-Cell Code
Barsamian, Y., Hirstoaga, S. A., & Violard, É. (2017) · IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum · doi:10.1109/ipdpsw.2017.74 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dynamic load balancing with over decomposition in plasma plume simulations
Araki, S. J., & Martin, R. (2022) · Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing · doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2022.01.023 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Modernization of the PIC codes for exascale plasma simulation
Vasileska, I., Tomsie, P., & Kos, L. (2020) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.23919/mipro48935.2020.9245299 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Energy Balance and Time Dependence of a Magnetotail Electron Diffusion Region
Payne, D., Genestreti, K. J., Germaschewski, K., Argall, M. R., Torbert, R. B., Dors, I., & Ardakani, A. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2020ja028290 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of ion cyclotron resonance on single superparticle movement using PIC–MCC simulation
Zhao, W., Yang, X., Cheng, M., 李, X. 小. L., Lin, X., & Lei, Q. (2025) · Plasma Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-6272/ae0267 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Expansion-Driven Self-Magnetization of High-Energy-Density Plasmas
Lezhnin, K. V., Totorica, S., Griff-McMahon, J., Medvedev, M. V., Landsberger, H., Diallo, A., & Fox, W. (2026) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/stmq-c433 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationReconnection signatures in Kelvin–Helmholtz instability evolution in 2D PIC simulations
Ahmadi, N., Wilder, F. D., Ergun, R. E., Newman, D. L., Qi, Y., Germaschewski, K., Eriksson, S., Chasapis, A., & Elkington, S. R. (2025) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0235253 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCreating QED photon jets with present-day lasers
Luedtke, S. V., Yin, L., Labun, L., Labun, O. Z., Albright, B. J., Bird, R. F., Nystrom, W. D., & Hegelich, B. M. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l032061 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Higher-order particle representation for particle-in-cell simulations
Brown, D., Bettencourt, M. T., Wright, S. A., Maheswaran, S., Jones, J. P., & Jarvis, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110255 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
High Performance Implementation of Boris Particle Pusher on DPC++. A First Look at oneAPI
Volokitin, V., Bashinov, A., Efimenko, E. S., Gonoskov, A. A., & Meyerov, I. B. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86359-3_22 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection during High-energy–Density Plasma Interaction
Pongkitiwanichakul, P., Fox, W., Ruffolo, D., Malakit, K., Lezhnin, K. V., Matteucci, J., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abccd3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationOrusa, L., & Valenzuela-Villaseca, V. (2025) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0269035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liu, C., Fox, W., Bhattacharjee, A., Thomas, A. G. R., & Joglekar, A. S. (2017) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.96.043203 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient Strict-Binning Particle-in-Cell Algorithm for Multi-core SIMD Processors
Barsamian, Y., Charguéraud, A., Hirstoaga, S. A., & Méhrenberger, M. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96983-1_53 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Powis, A. T., Ahedo, E., Laguna, A. Á., Barléon, N., Bello-Benítez, E., Beving, L., Bœuf, J.-P., Bogopolsky, G., Bourdon, A., Cichocki, F., et al. (2026) · Plasma Sources Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ae3985 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Space and Bandwidth Efficient Multicore Algorithm for the Particle-in-Cell Method
Barsamian, Y., Charguéraud, A., & Ketterlin, A. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78024-5_13 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Load Balancing for Particle-in-Cell Plasma Simulation on Multicore Systems
Larin, A., Bastrakov, S., Bashinov, A. V., Efimenko, E. S., Surmin, I., Gonoskov, A. A., & Meyerov, I. B. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78024-5_14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dynamic load balancing for a mesh‐based scientific application
Zhai, K., Banerjee, T., Zwick, D., Hackl, J., Koneru, R., & Ranka, S. (2020) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.5626 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Schaeffer, D. B., Fox, W., Rosenberg, M. J., Park, H. ‐., Fiksel, G., & Kalantar, D. H. (2021) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0043833 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBuilding a Fine-Grained Analytical Performance Model for Complex Scientific Simulations
van Dijk, J., Závodszky, G., Vărbănescu, A. L., Pimentel, A. D., & Hoekstra, A. G. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30442-2_14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hybrid parallelization of Euler–Lagrange simulations based on MPI-3 shared memory
Kopper, P., Copplestone, S. M., Pfeiffer, M., Koch, C., Fasoulas, S., & Beck, A. (2022) · Advances in Engineering Software · doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2022.103291 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pongkitiwanichakul, P., Schaeffer, D. B., Fox, W., Ruffolo, D., Donaghy, J., & Germaschewski, K. (2024) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0178884 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimized routines for event generators in QED-PIC codes
Volokitin, V., Bastrakov, S. I., Bashinov, A. V., Efimenko, E. S., Muraviev, A. A., Gonoskov, A. A., & Meyerov, I. B. (2020) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1640/1/012015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rowan, M., Gott, K., Deslippe, J. R., Huebl, A., Thévenet, M., Lehé, R., & Vay, J.-L. (2021) · Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference (PASC) · doi:10.1145/3468267.3470614 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Electron neural closure for turbulent magnetosheath simulations: Energy channels
Miloshevich, G., Vranckx, L., Lopes, F. N. D. O., Dazzi, P., Arrò, G., & Lapenta, G. (2026) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0300009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, P., & Zhu, X. (2021) · Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) · doi:10.1109/piers53385.2021.9694911 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Donaghy, J., & Germaschewski, K. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95467-3_25 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMeyerov, I. B., Panov, A., Bastrakov, S. I., Bashinov, A. V., Efimenko, E. S., Panova, E., Surmin, I., Volokitin, V., & Gonoskov, A. A. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43229-4_29 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Numerical dispersion free in longitudinal axis for particle-in-cell simulation
Cho, M. H., Kim, M., & Nam, I. (2022) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111221 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A task programming implementation for the particle in cell code smilei
Massimo, F., Lobet, M., Dérouillat, J., Beck, A., Bouchard, G., Grech, M., Perez, F., & Vinci, T. (2022) · Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference (PASC) · doi:10.1145/3539781.3539788 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gradient-based adaptive sampling framework and application in the laser-driven ion acceleration
Wang, B., Sha, R., Yan, L., Yu, T.-P., & Duan, X. (2023) · Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · doi:10.1007/s00158-023-03669-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Performance Parameter Analysis of a Hall Effect Thruster With Modified Bohm Parameter Model
Cho, M. G., Jung, G., & Sung, H. (2020) · International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42405-020-00263-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Multilevel Load Balancing Algorithm for Domestic Heterogeneous Manycore Architecture
Ma, Y., Chen, X., Guo, H., Li, F., & Liu, X. (2024) · IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA) · doi:10.1109/ispa63168.2024.00263 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ray-tracing laser-deposition model for plasma particle-in-cell simulation
Hyder, A., Fox, W., Lezhnin, K. V., & Totorica, S. (2025) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationNg, J., Chen, L., Hakim, A. H., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2020ja027879 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationParticle collisionality in scaled kinetic plasma simulations
Totorica, S., Lezhnin, K. V., & Fox, W. (2025) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109899 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe machine learning approach to moment closure relations for plasma: a review
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Generation of controllable plasma wakefield noise in particle-in-cell simulations
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Self-citationHigh-resolution particle-in-cell simulations of two-dimensional Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes
McClung, J., Franciscovich, M. T., Germaschewski, K., & Ng, C. S. (2024) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0187853 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOP-PIC - an Unstructured-Mesh Particle-in-Cell DSL for Developing Nuclear Fusion Simulations
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Self-citationManagement of Physics Simulations with Databases
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Implementation and Optimization of a 1D2V PIC Method for Nonlinear Kinetic Models on GPUs
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Fully Kinetic Simulations: Semi-Lagrangian Particle-in-Cell Codes
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On the spatial distribution of electron energy loss due to gyro-cooling in hot star magnetospheres
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[Dataset] A Particle-In-Cell Code Comparison for Ion Acceleration: EPOCH, LSP, and WarpX
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Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of two-dimensional Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes
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Self-citationPanova, E., Volokitin, V., Bashinov, A. V., Muraviev, A. A., Efimenko, E. S., & Meyerov, I. B. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85697-6_23
- Authors
- Germaschewski, K., Fox, W., Abbott, S., Ahmadi, N., Maynard, K., Wang, L., Ruhl, H., & Bhattacharjee, A.
- Affiliations
- University of New Hampshire (US)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (US)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Germaschewski, Kai
- Venue
- Journal of Computational Physics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 318
- Pages
- 305-326
- ISSN
- 0021-9991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2513623332
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 18.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Computational Physics (acceptedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (AGS-105689)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0006670, DE-FG02-07ER46372)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AK31G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
- Keywords
- plasma simulation code, particle-in-cell simulation, space-filling curves, electromagnetic particle simulation, parallel computing architecture, modular algorithms, data structures
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