Cited by 408Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationSustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis

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Greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic and organic fertilizer production and use: A review of emission factors and their variability

Walling, Eric, Vaneeckhaute, Céline·2020·Journal of Environmental Management

DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111211

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Abstract

Fertilizers have become an essential part of our global food supply chain and are necessary to sustain our growing population. However, fertilizers can also contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with other potential nutrient losses in the environment, e.g. through leaching. To reduce this environmental impact, tools such as life cycle assessments and decision support systems are being used to aid in selecting sustainable fertilization scenarios. These scenarios often include organic waste-derived amendments, such as manures, composts and digestates. To produce an accurate assessment and comparison of potential fertilization scenarios, these tools require emission factors (EFs) that are used to estimate GHG emissions and that are an integral part of these analyses. However, such EFs seem to be very variable in nature, thereby often resulting in high uncertainty on the outcomes of the analyses. This review aims to identify ranges and sources of variability in EFs to provide a better understanding of the potential uncertainty on the outcomes, as well as to provide recommendations for selecting EFs for future studies. As such, an extensive review of the literature on GHG emissions from production, storage, transportation and application of synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K), composts, digestates and manures was performed. This paper highlights the high variability that is present in emissions data and confirms the great impact of this uncertainty on the quality and validity of GHG predictions related to fertilizers. Variability in EFs stem from the energy source used for production, operating conditions, storage systems, crop and soil type, soil nutrient content, amount and method of fertilizer application, soil bacterial community, irrigation method, among others. Furthermore, a knowledge gap exists related to EFs for potassium fertilizers and waste valorization (anaerobic digestion/composting) processes. Overall, based on this review, it is recommended to determine EFs on a case by case basis when possible and to use uncertainty analyses as a tool to better understand the impact of EF variability.

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Piggery: From environmental pollution to a climate change solution
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Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture
Menegat, S., Ledo, A., & Tirado, R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18773-w · Cited by 563
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Background
Current solid waste management strategies and energy recovery in developing countrihes - State of art review.
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See all 408

Authors: Walling, E., & Vaneeckhaute, C.
Affiliations: Université Laval (CA)
Corresponding author: Vaneeckhaute, Céline
ORCID: Walling, Eric
Vaneeckhaute, Céline
Venue: Journal of Environmental Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-12
Volume: 276
Pages: 111211
ISSN: 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111211
OpenAlex: W3089098032
Cited by: 408
References: 223
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
NSERC Collaborative Research and Development (CRDPJ/509167–2017)
NSERC (RGPIN-2017-04838)
FRQNT (138536)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Keywords: greenhouse gas emissions, emission factors, fertilizer production, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizers, manure, compost, digestate, nitrogen fertilization, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, uncertainty analysis, life cycle assessment, anaerobic digestion, composting, fertilizer application methods
MeSH terms: Greenhouse Gases, Agriculture, Fertilizers, Manure, Nitrogen, Soil

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Greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic and organic fertilizer production and use: A review of emission factors and their variability

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