Conversion of pyrolytic non-condensable gases from polypropylene co-polymer into bamboo-type carbon nanotubes and high-quality oil using biochar as catalyst
Open accessAbstract
The conversion of low-value plastic waste into high-value products such as carbon nanomaterial is of recent interest. In the current study, the non-condensable pyrolysis gases, produced from Polypropylene Copolymer (PPC) feedstock, was converted into bamboo-type carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) through catalytic chemical vapour deposition using biochar. Experiments were conducted in a three-zone furnace fixed bed reactor, where PPC was pyrolysed in the second zone and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth was eventuated in the third zone. The effects of different growth temperatures (500, 700, 900 °C) and biochar particle sizes (nanoparticle as well as 0-100 and 100-300 μm) were investigated to optimise the production of hydrogen and the yield of carbon nanotubes on the biochar surface. Biochar samples used in the synthesis of CNTs were obtained from the pyrolysis of saw dust at 700 °C in a muffle furnace. Analyses performed by using Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy techniques suggested that the best crystalline structure of CNTs were obtained at 900 °C with nano-sized biochar as a catalyst. The strong gas-solid contact and void fraction of nano-sized particles enhances the diffusion-precipitation mechanism, leading to the growth of CNTs. The nano-sized biochar increased hydrogen production at 900 °C and reduced the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in oil to only 1%, which is advantageous for further utilisation. Therefore, the production of high-value CNTs from waste plastic using low-cost biochar catalyst can be a sustainable approach in the management of waste plastic while participating in the circular economy.
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Diamond-shaped nickel catalysts can promote the formation of cup-shaped stacked carbon nanotubes.
“For example, the diamond shape of nickel catalysts can promote the formation of cup-shaped stacked carbon nanotubes (Shah et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Shah et al. 2022
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Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials
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- Authors
- Shah, K., Patel, S., Halder, P., Kundu, S., Marzbali, M. H., Hakeem, I. G., Pramanik, B. K., Chiang, K., & Patel, T.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Shah, Kalpit
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 301
- Pages
- 113791
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3202134528
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RMIT University
- Australian Research Council (DE170100952)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Keywords
- polypropylene copolymer, plastic waste, biochar catalyst, catalytic chemical vapor deposition, hydrogen production, bio-oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sawdust pyrolysis, circular economy
- MeSH terms
- Pyrolysis, Charcoal, Gases, Polymers, Polypropylenes, Nanotubes, Carbon
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