Household mixed plastic waste derived adsorbents for CO2 capture: A feasibility study
Open accessAbstract
The feasibility of producing activated carbon (AC) from real Household Mixed Plastic Waste (HMPW) comprising of LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, and PET for carbon capture via direct carbonisation followed by microwave-assisted or conventional thermally assisted chemical activation was investigated. A microwave-assisted activation procedure was adopted to assess the impact on the CO2 capture capacity of the resulting AC using both a lower temperature (400 °C vs. 700 °C) and a shorter duration (5 vs. 120 mins) than that required for conventional activation. The results obtained showed that the AC yield was 71 and 78% for the conventional and microwave-assisted samples, respectively. Microwave activation consumed five-fold less energy (0.19 kWh) than the conventional activation (0.98 kWh). Thermal stability results indicated total weight loss of 10.0 and 8.3 wt%, respectively, for conventional and microwave-activated samples over the temperature range of 25–1000 °C, with ACs from both activation routes displaying a type 1 nitrogen isotherm. The dynamic CO2 uptake capacity at 1 bar and 25 °C was 1.53 mmol/g, with maximum equilibrium uptake ranging between 1.32 and 2.39 mmol/g at temperatures (0–50 °C) and 1 bar for the conventionally activated AC. The analogous microwave-activated sample showed a higher dynamic CO2 uptake of 1.62 mmol/g and equilibrium uptake in the range 1.58–2.88 mmol/g under equivalent conditions. The results therefore indicate that microwave activation results in enhanced carbon capture potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-time microwave heating has been employed to convert household mixed plastic wastes directly into ACs for carbon capture applications. This report therefore demonstrates that the management of mixed plastics could lead to the development of a circular economy through the conversion of waste into value-added materials.
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Microwave-assisted activation uses lower temperatures, less time, and lower energy consumption than conventional thermal activation, but its activated carbon yield (78%) is higher than traditional activated carbon (71%).
“Microwave assisted activation uses lower temperatures, less time, and lower energy consumption, but its activated carbon or yield (78%) is higher than traditional activated carbon (71%).”
From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [113]
Under the same conditions, microwave-activated activated carbon demonstrated superior CO2 adsorption performance compared with conventional activated carbon, with a dynamic uptake of 1.62 mmol/g and an equilibrium capacity range of 1.58-2.88 mmol/g.
“Under the same conditions, microwave-activated AC demonstrated superior adsorption performance: a dynamic uptake of 1.62 mmol/g and an equilibrium capacity range of 1.58-2.88mmol/g.”
From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Dan, E., McCue, A. J., Dionisi, D., & Fernández Martín, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-03
- Volume
- 355
- Pages
- 120466
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392344128
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Aberdeen
- TETFund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- activated carbon, CO2 capture, microwave activation, chemical activation, plastic waste valorization, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, PET, circular economy, CO2 adsorption capacity
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Dioxide, Charcoal, Feasibility Studies, Microwaves, Temperature
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