40-second green roof views sustain attention: the role of micro-breaks in attention restoration
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The sense of relaxation and pleasure in the rural environment significantly enhances the pleasure-seeking experience of visitors.
“Therefore, the sense of relaxation and pleasure in the rural environment significantly enhances the pleasure-seeking experience of visitors.”
From A study on the influence of rural tourism’s perceived destination restorative qualities on loyalty based on SOR model (2025) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2015
Cites
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881 · see citing works
The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework
Kaplan, S. (1995) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2 · Cited by 6,923 · see citing works
View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery
Ulrich, R. S. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6143402 · Cited by 5,341 · see citing works
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-0626 · Cited by 4,726 · see citing works
Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247 · Cited by 4,510 · see citing works
Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., de Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature.
Berman, M. G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x · Cited by 2,535 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Nature, researchers believe, is higher in these restorative components (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989), and more able to boost waning attention (Berman et al., 2008) than cities.”
BackgroundInfluentialPodsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013079 · Cited by 2,356 · see citing works
Handbook of Organizational Behavior
Price, R., D’Aunno, T. A., & Lorsch, J. W. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070561 · Cited by 2,241 · see citing works
Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings
Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., & Gärling, T. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(02)00109-3 · Cited by 2,118 · see citing works
Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B., & Yiend, J. (1997) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00015-8 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Attention and memory: an integrated framework
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2415 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention
Weissman, D. H., Roberts, K. C., Visscher, K. M., & Woldorff, M. G. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1727 · Cited by 1,566 · see citing works
Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services
Oberndorfer, E., Lundholm, J., Bass, B., Coffman, R., Doshi, H., Dunnett, N. P., Gaffin, S. R., Köhler, M., Liu, K. K. Y., & Rowe, B. (2007) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/b571005 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful
Warm, J. S., Parasuraman, R., & Matthews, G. (2008) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872008x312152 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Exposure to restorative environments helps restore attentional capacity
Berto, R. (2005) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.07.001 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up.
Sarter, M., Givens, B., & Bruno, J. P. (2001) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00044-3 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
The Nature of the View from Home: Psychological Benefits
Kaplan, R. (2001) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139160121973115 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
A measure of restorative quality in environments.
Hartig, T., Korpela, K., Evans, G. W., & Gärling, T. (1997) · Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research · doi:10.1080/02815739708730435 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Human responses to vegetation and landscapes
Ulrich, R. S. (1986) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/0169-2046(86)90005-8 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Views to nature: Effects on attention
Tennessen, C. M., & Cimprich, B. (1995) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0272-4944(95)90016-0 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Loeb, M., Davies, D. R., & Parasuraman, R. (1984) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422535 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
On the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic and Phasic Alertness
Sturm, W., & Willmes, K. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0839 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
VIEWS OF NATURE AND SELF-DISCIPLINE: EVIDENCE FROM INNER CITY CHILDREN
Taylor, A. F., Kuo, F. E., & SULLIVAN, W. C. (2002) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.2001.0241 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Work Interrupted: A Closer Look at the Role of Interruptions in Organizational Life
Jett, Q. R., & George, J. M. (2003) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2003.10196791 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
(2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003048916 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Intensive Meditation Training Improves Perceptual Discrimination and Sustained Attention
MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., King, B. G., Rosenberg, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., et al. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610371339 · Cited by 623 · cited 5× · see citing works
“, 2008 for a recent review), sustaining attention control exhausts underlying mental resources (Maclean et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStaying well and engaged when demands are high: The role of psychological detachment.
Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020032 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
The role of nature in the context of the workplace
Kaplan, R. (1993) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/0169-2046(93)90016-7 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Attention and memory: An integrated framework
Otten, L. J. (1996) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(96)05264-7 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Varieties of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Intra-Individual Variability
Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Scheres, A., Di Martino, A., Hyde, C., & Walters, J. R. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
REFLECTION AND ATTENTIONAL RECOVERY AS DISTINCTIVE BENEFITS OF RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Herzog, T. R., Black, A. M., Fountaine, K. A., & Knotts, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.1997.0051 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Paus, T., Zatorre, R. J., Hofle, N., Caramanos, Z., Gotman, J., Petrides, M., & Evans, A. C. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.3.392 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Nigg, J. T. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.011 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions
Georgescu, M., Morefield, P. E., Bierwagen, B., & Weaver, C. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322280111 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Bellgrove, M. A., Hester, R., & Garavan, H. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.007 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference?
den Berg, A. E. V., Jørgensen, A., & Wilson, E. R. (2014) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.012 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Lim, J., Wu, W., Wang, J., Detre, J. A., Dinges, D. F., & Rao, H. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.020 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Creating the Productive Workplace
(2006) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203696880 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
(1998) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410603906 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
What's wrong with virtual trees? Restoring from stress in a mediated environment
de Kort, Y. A. W., Meijnders, A. L., Sponselee, A.-M. A.-M. G., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.001 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Restorative effects of viewing real forest landscapes, based on a comparison with urban landscapes
Lee, J., Park, B., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1080/02827580902903341 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Daniel, T. C., & MEITNER, M. M. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.2000.0182 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Greenery on residential buildings: Does it affect preferences and perceptions of beauty?
White, E., & Gatersleben, B. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.11.002 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Johnson, K. A., Kelly, S. P., Bellgrove, M. A., Barry, E., Cox, M., Gill, M., & Robertson, I. H. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.034 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationBiebuyck, J. F., Weinger, M. B., & Englund, C. E. (1990) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199011000-00030 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Volitional Control of Autonomic Arousal: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Study
Critchley, H. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1147 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Establishing Green Roof Infrastructure Through Environmental Policy Instruments
Carter, T., & Fowler, L. (2008) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9095-5 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
A cognitive analysis of preference for urban nature
Herzog, T. R. (1989) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(89)80024-6 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Han, K.-T. (2008) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916508314476 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Manly, T., Owen, A. M., McAvinue, L., Datta, A., Lewis, G. H., Scott, S. K., Rorden, C., Pickard, J., & Robertson, I. H. (2003) · Neurocase · doi:10.1076/neur.9.4.340.15553 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
VIGILANCE AND WORKLOAD IN AUTOMATED SYSTEMS.
Warm, J. S., Dember, W. N., & Hancock, P. A. (1996) · doi:10.1201/9781315137957-9 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The effect of work-rest schedules and type of task on the discomfort and performance of VDT users
Balci, R., & Aghazadeh, F. (2003) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/0014013021000047557 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Korpela, K., & Kinnunen, U. M. (2010) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2011.533103 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Living roof preference is influenced by plant characteristics and diversity
Lee, E., Williams, K. J. H., Sargent, L. D., Farrell, C., & Williams, N. S. G. (2013) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.09.011 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Work Breaks on Staff Nurse Performance
Rogers, A. E., Hwang, W., & Scott, L. D. (2004) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200411000-00007 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effects of Cueing and Knowledge of Results on Workload and Boredom in Sustained Attention
Hitchcock, E. M., Dember, W. N., Warm, J. S., Moroney, B. W., & See, J. E. (1999) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872099779610987 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Microbreak length, performance, and stress in a data entry task
HENNFNG, R. A., Sauter, S. L., Salvendy, G., & Krieg, E. F. (1989) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138908966848 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
McCoy, J. M., & Evans, G. W. (2005) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412975995.n9 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Interactions between endogenous and exogenous attention during vigilance
MacLean, K. A., Aichele, S., Bridwell, D. A., Mangun, G. R., Wojciulik, E., & Saron, C. D. (2009) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/app.71.5.1042 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Rainmakers: Why bad weather means good productivity.
Lee, J., Francesca Gino, B., & Staats, B. R. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035559 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Automation and Human Performance
(2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315665177-18 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Naweed, A. (2013) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.022 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Seeking Restorative Experiences
Gulwadi, G. B. (2006) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916505283420 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Johnson, K. A., Kelly, S. P., Robertson, I. H., Barry, E., Mulligan, A., Daly, M., Lambert, D., McDonnell, C., Connor, T. J., Hawi, Z., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30718 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prosthetics of vigilant attention: Random cuing cuts processing demands.
O’Connor, C., Robertson, I. H., & Levine, B. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0022767 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kaplan, S., & Schwartz, D. A. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203027813.ch15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance
Markevych, I., Schoierer, J., Hartig, T., Chudnovsky, A., Hystad, P., Dzhambov, A. M., de Vries, S., Triguero-Mas, M., Brauer, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., et al. (2017) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028 · Cited by 2,543 · see citing works
Advances in recovery research: What have we learned? What should be done next?
Sonnentag, S., Venz, L., & Casper, A. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000079 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Gaekwad, J. S., Sal Moslehian, A., Roös, P. B., & Walker, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.750245 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Swami, V., Barron, D., & Furnham, A. (2018) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.006 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Reloading pupils' batteries: impact of green spaces on cognition and wellbeing
Wallner, P., Kundi, M., Arnberger, A., Eder, R., Allex, B., Weitensfelder, L., & Hutter, H.-P. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15061205 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Enhanced functional connectivity properties of human brains during in-situ nature experience
Chen, Z., He, Y., & Yu, Y. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2210 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Zhu, N., Xu, H., Zhang, X., & Chen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1529686 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“According to ART, the natural environment can effectively relieve the mental fatigue of tourists and improve their concentration and mental resources (Lee et al., 2015).”
- Authors
- Lee, K. E., Williams, K. J. H., Sargent, L. D., Williams, N. S. G., & Johnson, K. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 182-189
- ISSN
- 0272-4944 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2068968249
- Semantic Scholar
- 662dbfb1a298df2c35a379bb5c07ac437e666753
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 16.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council Linkage (LP0990704)
- Cybec Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- attention restoration theory, microbreaks, green roofs, sustained attention, urban green space, urban landscape, concrete roofs, attentional control, omission errors, response consistency
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review