The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive behavior therapy for adults who stutter: A tutorial for speech-language pathologists
Abstract
Unlabelled This paper explores the relationships between anxiety and stuttering and provides an overview of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) strategies that can be applied by speech-language pathologists. There is much support for the idea that adults who stutter (AWS) may need CBT. First, approximately 50% of AWS may be suffering from social anxiety disorder. A difficult developmental history marked by problematic peer relationships and bullying may contribute to this. Stereotypes in the general community lead AWS to have occasional experiences that confirm their fears of negative evaluation. This can leave AWS with significant social and occupational avoidance and can impact on their quality of life. Second, in a recent large study of behavioral treatment for AWS, participants who had a mental health disorder, including social anxiety, failed to maintain the benefits of treatment. Available evidence supports the contention that CBT can effectively decrease anxiety and social avoidance, and increase engagement in everyday speaking situations for AWS. The components of CBT presented here are drawn from a model widely used in clinical psychology, and existing supportive data reviewed. Worksheets for speech-language pathologists undertaking CBT in this population are provided. CBT procedures, in their essentials, are straightforward to implement. Hence, the present authors suggest that speech-language pathologists who have had training in conducting CBT should be able to apply the techniques described in this paper.Educational objectives The reader will be able to explain: (1) the relation between stuttering and anxiety; (2) the nature of Social Anxiety Disorder; (3) why those who stutter are often diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder; (4) the four components of cognitive behavior therapy; (5) how cognitive behavior therapy is adapted for the management of speech-related anxiety in those who stutter.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In recent years, specific mind–body interventions have been examined as treatments to support people who stutter, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) [20,21,22], Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) [14,22,23], and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) [24,25,26,27].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00022-3 · Cited by 2,987
Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to Its Nature and Treatment
Guitar, B. E. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 975
A Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults
Riley, G. D. (1972) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.3703.314 · Cited by 714
The Impact of Stuttering on the Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Craig, A., Blumgart, E., & Tran, Y. (2009) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.05.002 · Cited by 490
Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study
Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. (1989) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(89)80115-7 · Cited by 372
Adrian Wells, A. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80330-2 · Cited by 326
Sociodynamic relationships between children who stutter and their non‐stuttering classmates
Davis, S., Howell, P., & Cooke, F. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00093 · Cited by 324
Self‐reports of short‐ and long‐term effects of bullying on children who stammer
Hugh‐Jones, S., & Smith, P. K. (1999) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709999157626 · Cited by 310
An Experimental Clinical Trial of a Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Package for Chronic Stuttering
Menzies, R. G., O’Brian, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Clare, T. S., & Block, S. (2008) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0070 · Cited by 283
Self-citationRandomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention
Jones, M., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Williams, S., Ormond, T., Schwarz, I. E., & Gebski, V. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38520.451840.e0 · Cited by 242
Self-citationBullying in Adolescents Who Stutter: Communicative Competence and Self-Esteem
Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2004) · Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders · doi:10.1044/cicsd_31_s_69 · Cited by 236
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Stuttering Treatment
Andrews, G., Guitar, B. E., & Howie, P. M. (1980) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.4503.287 · Cited by 218
Peer Responses to Stuttering in the Preschool Setting
Langevin, M., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2009) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2009/07-0087 · Cited by 211
Self-citationStuttering and behavior therapy: Current status and experimental foundations
Ingham, R. J. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 192
Social anxiety in stuttering: measuring negative social expectancies
Messenger, M., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & Menzies, R. G. (2004) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.06.002 · Cited by 190
Self-citationBlood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2007) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.104.4.1060-1066 · Cited by 177
Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency
(2022) · Thieme Medical Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1055/b-0042-189411 · Cited by 177
A Phenomenological Understanding of Successful Stuttering Management
Plexico, L., Manning, W. H., & DiLollo, A. (2005) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.12.001 · Cited by 175
Social phobia in adults with stuttering
Stein, M. B., Baird, A., & Walker, J. R. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.2.278 · Cited by 166
Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency
Zebrowski, P. M., Anderson, J. D., Conture, E. G., Ames, A., Arnold, H. S., Beal, D. S., Beilby, J. M., Below, J. E., Byrd, C., Choi, D., et al. (2022) · Thieme Medical Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1055/b000000273 · Cited by 157
The Relationship between Mental Health Disorders and Treatment Outcomes among Adults Who Stutter
Iverach, L., Jones, M., O’Brian, S., Block, S., Lincoln, M., Harrison, E., Hewat, S., Cream, A., Menzies, R. G., Packman, A., et al. (2009) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.02.002 · Cited by 155
Self-citationSocial anxiety and the severity and typography of stuttering in adolescents
Mulcahy, K., Hennessey, N., Beilby, J., & Byrnes, M. (2008) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.12.002 · Cited by 145
Kraaimaat, F. W., Vanryckeghem, M., & van Dam‐Baggen, R. (2002) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00160-2 · Cited by 140
Effects of attention training on hypochondriasis: a brief case series
PAPAGEORGIOU, C., & WELLS, A. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005825 · Cited by 138
Intensive Stuttering Modification Therapy
Blomgren, M., Roy, N., Callister, T., & Merrill, R. M. (2005) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/035 · Cited by 126
Fear of Speaking: Chronic Anxiety and Stammering
Craig, A., & Tran, Y. (2006) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.12.1.63 · Cited by 117
Self-Reported Factors Related to Relapse following Treatment for Stuttering
Craig, A. R., & Hancock, K. M. (1995) · Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders · doi:10.3109/asl2.1995.23.issue-1.04 · Cited by 114
Stuttering and its treatment in adolescence: The perceptions of people who stutter
Hearne, A., Packman, A., Onslow, M., & Quine, S. (2008) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.01.001 · Cited by 105
Self-citationProtection from harm: the experience of adults after therapy with prolonged‐speech
Cream, A., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & Llewellyn, G. M. (2003) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/13682820310001598166 · Cited by 97
Self-citationThe cognitive mediation of obsessive-compulsive handwashing
Jones, M. K., & Menzies, R. G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00035-1 · Cited by 95
Self-citationEnhancing treatment for school-age children who stutter
Murphy, W. P., Yaruss, J. S., & Quesal, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.02.001 · Cited by 93
Craig, A. R., Tran, Y., & Craig, M. S. (2003) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.235 · Cited by 91
Enhancing treatment for school-age children who stutter
Murphy, W. P., Yaruss, J. S., & Quesal, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.02.002 · Cited by 90
Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) for treatment-resistant compulsive washing.
Krochmalik, A., Jones, M. K., & Menzies, R. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00063-2 · Cited by 90
Self-citationDanger expectancies and insight in acrophobia
Menzies, R. G., & Clarke, J. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)p4443-x · Cited by 90
Self-citationUnhelpful thoughts and beliefs linked to social anxiety in stuttering: development of a measure
Clare, T. S., Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Thompson, R. M., & Block, S. (2008) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/13682820802067529 · Cited by 90
Self-citationStuttering Therapy: The Relation Between Attitude Change and Long-Term Outcome
Guitar, B. E., & Bass, C. (1978) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.4303.392 · Cited by 82
Task concentration training and fear of blushing
Bögels, S. M., Mulkens, S., & de Jong, P. J. (1997) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(199712)4:4 · Cited by 80
Novel speech patterns and the treatment of stuttering
Packman, A., Onslow, M., & Menzies, R. G. (2000) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/096382800297132 · Cited by 75
Self-citationStudies in the Psychology of Stuttering, XIV
Porter, H. V. K. (1939) · Journal of Speech Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.0404.323 · Cited by 68
Behavioral Management Of Stuttering
Onslow, M. (1995) · Cited by 67
Self-citationDonovan, D. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (1980) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1980.41.1153 · Cited by 62
Onslow, M., Jones, M., O'Brian, S., Menzies, R., & Packman, A. (2008) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0047 · Cited by 61
Self-citationA behavioral-cognitive therapy program for adults who stutter: Computers and counseling
Blood, G. W. (1995) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(95)00008-2 · Cited by 60
Langevin, M., Huinck, W. J., Kully, D., Peters, H. F. M., Lomheim, H., & Tellers, M. (2006) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.06.001 · Cited by 54
An overview of a behavioural treatment for stuttering
Craig, A. R., Feyer, A.-M., & Andrews, G. (1987) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050068708256197 · Cited by 47
Gregory, H. H. (1983) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(83)90032-3 · Cited by 45
Schneier, F. R., Wexler, K. B., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.1.131 · Cited by 44
Stuttering research: Have we forgotten the stutterer?
Quesal, R. W. (1989) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(89)90033-8 · Cited by 37
Audience Size and Variations in Stuttering Behavior
Siegel, G. M., & Haugen, D. (1964) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.0704.381 · Cited by 33
Screening People With Anxiety/Depression for Suitability for Guided Self‐help
Gega, L., Kenwright, M., Mataix‐Cols, D., Cameron, R., & Marks, I. M. (2005) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070410015031 · Cited by 32
The relationship between stutterers' cognitive and autonomic anxiety and therapy outcome
Kraaimaat, F., Janssen, P., & Brutten, G. J. (1988) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(88)90032-0 · Cited by 32
Stuttering treated by desensitization
Boudreau, L., & Jeffrey, C. J. (1973) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(73)90075-x · Cited by 27
Krochmalik, A., Jones, M. K., Menzies, R. G., & Kirkby, K. (2004) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.21.4.251.66103 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLooking at stuttering through the lens of complexity
Packman, A., & Kuhn, L. (2009) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549500802630039 · Cited by 24
Self-citationBeliefs about Stuttering and Anxiety: Research and Clinical Implications
Lincoln, M., Onslow, M., & Menzies, R. G. (1996) · Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders · doi:10.3109/asl2.1996.24.issue-1.01 · Cited by 21
Self-citationDevelopment of a Scale to Measure Peer Attitudes Toward Children Who Stutter
Bothe, A. K. (2004) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610522-17 · Cited by 20
The relationship between nonverbal anxiety and stuttering adaptation
Gray, B. B., & Karmen, J. L. (1967) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(67)90003-2 · Cited by 18
Maxwell, D. L. (1982) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(82)90018-3 · Cited by 15
At the Research Front: Cognition and Behaviour Change
Cameron, R., & Meichenbaum, D. H. (1980) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048678009159366 · Cited by 12
Transcendental Meditation and Stuttering: A Preliminary Report
Intyre, M. E. M., Silverman, F. H., & Trotter, W. D. (1974) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1974.39.1.294 · Cited by 12
Thompson, T. C. D., McAllister, J., Adams, M., & Horton, S. (2009) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549500802588153 · Cited by 9
Experimental studies in behaviour therapy
Öst, L. (1976) · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Krochmalik, 2004, The superiority of DIRT over ERP in managing compulsive washing, Behavior Change, 21, 210
- Martin, 1981, Introduction and perspective: Review of published research
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social anxiety disorder and stuttering: current status and future directions.
Iverach, L., & Rapee, R. M. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.08.003 · Cited by 337
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adults Who Stutter: Psychosocial Adjustment and Speech Fluency
Beilby, J. M., Byrnes, M. L., & Yaruss, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.05.003 · Cited by 188
Direct versus Indirect Treatment for Preschool Children who Stutter: The RESTART Randomized Trial
de Sonneville-Koedoot, C., Stolk, E., Rietveld, T., & Franken, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133758 · Cited by 147
Anxiety and Stuttering: Continuing to Explore a Complex Relationship
Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., O’Brian, S., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2011) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0091 · Cited by 132
Self-citationQuality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Koedoot, C., Bouwmans, C., Franken, M.-C., & Stolk, E. (2011) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.02.002 · Cited by 127
Metadata
- Authors
- Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & O’Brian, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Onslow, Mark
- Venue
- Journal of Fluency Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 187-200
- ISSN
- 0094-730X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034014995
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Fluency Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Queensland
- University of Canterbury
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, adults who stutter, social anxiety disorder, speech-language pathologists, bullying, social avoidance, maintenance therapy, worksheets
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Humans, Models, Psychological, Social Behavior, Speech-Language Pathology, Stuttering, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review