Fear of Speaking: Chronic Anxiety and Stammering
Abstract
Stammering results in involuntary disruption of a person's capacity to speak. It begins at an early age and can persist for life for at least 20% of those stammering at 2 years old. Although the aetiological role of anxiety in stammering has not been determined, evidence is emerging that suggests people who stammer are more chronically and socially anxious than those who do not. This is not surprising, given that the symptoms of stammering can be socially embarrassing and personally frustrating, and have the potential to impede vocational and social growth. Implications for DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for stammering and current treatments of stammering are discussed. We hope that this article will encourage a better understanding of the consequences of living with a speech or fluency disorder as well as motivate the development of treatment protocols that directly target the social fears associated with stammering.
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Stuttering is associated with a decline in quality of life and impacts on social status, mental well-being, self-acceptance, and labor market integration among adults who stutter.
“stuttering is often accompanied by a reduction in the quality of life and has impacts on social status, mental well-being, self-acceptance, and the chances of integration into the labor market.”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Adults who stutter may experience emotional struggles, shyness, social-avoidance behaviours, and high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety.
“AWS may have to cope on a daily basis with emotional struggles during stuttering, as well as shyness and social-avoidance behaviours that result from fear of coping with communication in certain social situations, and high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety [3,7,8].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Some of the psychological adverse symptoms associated with stuttering are manifested by high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety.
“Some of the psychological adverse symptoms associated with stuttering are manifested by high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety [3,7,8].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Awareness is beneficial to self-acceptance of adults who stutter and contributes to acceptance of stuttering.
“Awareness is beneficial to self-acceptance of the AWS and contributes to acceptance of the stuttering [1,3,8,17,18,19].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
People who stutter often express concern over and fear of verbal-interaction initiatives with the environment and thus may tend to avoid social communication in daily situations.
“People who stutter often express concern over and fear of verbal-interaction initiatives with the environment and thus may tend to avoid social communication in daily situation [3].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
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“[8‐10] Based on the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and stuttering, it was suggested that anxiety reduction strategies should be considered as another focus of stuttering treatment along with speech therapy (ST).[11]”
The Effects of Written Stuttering Disclosure on the Perceptions of a Child Who Stutters
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A Mediation Model of Social Anxiety Development During Early Childhood Stuttering
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- Authors
- Craig, A., & Tran, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Royal College of Psychiatrists (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-68
- ISSN
- 1355-5146 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1481
- OpenAlex
- W2105358353
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Psychiatric Treatment (publishedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Keywords
- stuttering, chronic anxiety, social anxiety, speech disorders, fluency disorders, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, social embarrassment
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