Diagnosis and Treatment of Catamenial Pneumothorax: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to better characterize the phenomenon of catamenial pneumothorax; evaluate the risk factors, symptoms, and diagnostic modalities; and recommend treatment protocol.Data sources We conducted an electronic-based search using PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Methods of study selection The following medical subject heading terms, keywords, and their combinations were used: "catamenial pneumothorax; thoracic endometriosis; pulmonary endometriosis; and pleural endometriosis."Tabulation, integration, and results Individual study results were tabulated in each table by outcome of interest. The search produced an initial 404 results. We excluded studies that did not contain cases with catamenial pneumothorax, case studies, and videos. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were selected, with a total of 490 patients. The prevalence of catamenial pneumothorax of all cases of pneumothorax in women of reproductive age ranges from 7.3% to 36.7%. The diagnosis was made at an older age than that of pelvic endometriosis. The presence of pelvic endometriosis was reported in only 55% of patients with catamenial pneumothorax. Previous pelvic surgeries were mentioned in only a few of the studies, and 52 of 104 cases (50%) had some kind of previous pelvic intervention. Diagnosis was mostly made clinically, with the patients complaining of the typical symptoms of shortness of breath and recurrent chest pain or shoulder pain a day before to 72 hours after menses. Pneumothorax was found mainly in the right lung (456 of 490 cases, 93%). Diaphragmatic endometriosis and/or nodules were observed in 265 of 297 cases (89%). Recurrence rate varied from 14.3% to 55%.Conclusion The possibility of endometriosis should be considered in reproductive-aged women with catamenial symptoms of chest pain or shortness of breath. Right pneumothorax and diaphragmatic endometriosis are found in most patients.
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Thoracic endometriosis (TE) is a major type of extra-pelvic endometriosis and is characterized by the presence of endometriotic lesions in the thoracic cavity.
“Thoracic endometriosis (TE) is a major type of extra‐pelvic endometriosis and is characterized by the presence of endometriotic lesions in the thoracic cavity.”
From Extra-pelvic endometriosis: a review. (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
Positive histopathological confirmation of TE has been reported to range from 57% to 87.5%.
“Positive histopathological confirmation has been reported to range from 57% to 87.5%”
From Extra-pelvic endometriosis: a review. (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
Recurrence rate has been reported to be 14.3%-46.7% during a follow-up period of 12 months or more after surgery.
“The recurrence rate has been reported to be 14.3%‐46.7% during a follow‐up period of 12 months or more after surgery.”
From Extra-pelvic endometriosis: a review. (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
GnRH antagonists can be given orally, but no data are yet available on their effectiveness in thoracic endometriosis syndrome.
“GnRh antagonists can be given orally, but no data are available yet on its effectiveness in TES [ 25 ].”
From Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review and Multidisciplinary Approach to Management (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Gil, Y., & Tulandi, T.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gil, Yaron
- Venue
- Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-53
- ISSN
- 1553-4650 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2968828742
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- catamenial pneumothorax, thoracic endometriosis, pulmonary endometriosis, diaphragmatic endometriosis, pelvic endometriosis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, recurrence, chest pain, dyspnea, right-sided pneumothorax, women of reproductive age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Menstruation, Pneumothorax, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Young Adult
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