The DOI matches its Crossref record; 237 of the 244 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blockchain for smart communities: Applications, challenges and opportunities
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Since the success of Bitcoin, there have been increased focus of studying the application of blockchain in a broad range of applications, such as in solutions facilitating identity privacy and transaction security using a decentralized architecture via different consensus mechanisms (e.g. proof-of-work) between different geo-located IoT devices/nodes in our increasingly digitalized society (e.g. smart city). In this paper, we survey the usage of blockchain technology for smart communities, focusing on key components of the blockchain applications. We also study the various process models used in the execution of secure transactions. Specifically, we present a detailed taxonomy on the applications, process models used, and communication infrastructure support needed to execute various applications.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the rapid surge and breakneck expansion of 5G wireless services in terms of scale, speed, and capacity also pose new security challenges such as network reliability, data immutability, privacy [4] that must be considered and solved before wide deployments.”
From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Reviewing state-of-art literature works [1], [3], [4], we found that blockchain has mainly cooperated with the key 5G enabling technologies including cloud computing, edge computing, Software Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualization, Network Slicing, and D2D communication.”
From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the blue cluster revolves around the potentials of blockchain solutions for smart communities (Aggarwal et al. 2019), energy trading (Chaudhary et al. 2019; Jindal et al. 2019), transportation (Astarita et al. 2020; Mehta et al. 2020; Sharma and Park 2018), artificial intelligence (Singh et al. 2019, 2020a, b), and construction (Sun and Zhang 2020).”
From Blockchain technology in the smart city: A bibliometric review (2022) · cites this paper as Aggarwal et al. 2019
Citations
Cites
Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2016.2566339 · Cited by 4,552
Practical Byzantine fault tolerance
Castro, M., & Liskov, B. H. (1999) · Operating Systems Design and Implementation · doi:10.5555/296806.296824 · Cited by 4,026
MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management
Azaria, A., Ekblaw, A., Vieira, T., & Lippman, A. (2016) · 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD) · doi:10.1109/obd.2016.11 · Cited by 2,526
IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges
Khan, M. A., & Salah, K. (2018) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.11.022 · Cited by 2,488
Blockchain for IoT security and privacy: The case study of a smart home
Dorri, A., Kanhere, S. S., Jurdak, R., & Gauravaram, P. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops) · doi:10.1109/percomw.2017.7917634 · Cited by 1,843
A Survey on the Security of Blockchain Systems
Li, X., Jiang, P., Chen, T., Luo, X., & Wen, Q. (2020) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.08.020 · Cited by 1,772
Bitcoin and beyond: a technical survey on decentralized digital currencies
Tschorsch, F., & Scheuermann, B. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2535718 · Cited by 1,690
Designing microgrid energy markets
Mengelkamp, E., Gärttner, J., Rock, K., Kessler, S., Orsini, L., & Weinhardt, C. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.054 · Cited by 1,596
Blockchain Meets IoT: An Architecture for Scalable Access Management in IoT
Novo, O. (2018) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2812239 · Cited by 1,318
Aitzhan, N. Z., & Svetinovic, D. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2016.2616861 · Cited by 1,297
Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 244 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Peck, 2017, Energy trading for fun and profit buy your neighbor's rooftop solar power or sell your own-itll all be on a blockchain, IEEE Spectrum, 54, 56, 10.1109/MSPEC.2017.8048842 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–350 of 350
Post Quantum Secure Blockchain Architecture for Data Dissemination
Yadav, D. K., Sahu, H., Ammanamanchi, S. G. V. N. D. S., Murali, O. M., Rana, S., & Chaudhary, D. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7216-6_9 · Cited by 1
Zahoor, N., Rehman, J., Namisango, F., & Qureshi, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation · doi:10.52633/jemi.v5i4.351 · Cited by 1
Exploring the Blockchain Applications in Healthcare Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Urkude, S. V., & Saravanan, D. (2023) · International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/icimia60377.2023.10426154 · Cited by 1
Research Trends and Impacts of Blockchain Technology in Construction Sector: Scientistometric Study
Sawant, R., Joshi, D. A., Menon, R., & Wadalkar, S. S. (2024) · Data & Metadata · doi:10.56294/dm2024.369 · Cited by 1
Design of Management Information System Architecture Based on Big Data and Blockchain Technology
Peng, K., Qiao, Y., & Shi, J. (2024) · Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC) · doi:10.1109/ipec61310.2024.00100 · Cited by 2
Blockchain and AI Convergence: Creating Explainable, Auditable, and Immutable Data Ecosystems
Reddy, A. (2023) · International Journal of Computational Mathematical Ideas · doi:10.70153/ijcmi/2023.15301 · Cited by 1
A Systematic Review of Blockchain-based Services for Security Upgradation of a Smart City
Feroz, N. (2020) · EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities · doi:10.4108/eai.13-7-2018.163840 · Cited by 1
Blockchain Technology: A Concise Survey on Its Use Cases and Applications
Suganya, B., & Akila, I. S. (2020) · Algorithms for intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5243-4_72 · Cited by 1
Varfolomeev, A. A., Al-Farhani, L. H., & Oleiwi, Z. C. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012127 · Cited by 1
Goyal, S., Agarwal, V., & Goel, S. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119896951.ch5 · Cited by 1
Ghourab, E. M., Jaafar, W., Bariah, L., Muhaidat, S., Yanıkömeroğlu, H., & Naser, S. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.21601848.v1 · Cited by 1
Rana, M. T., Numan, M., Yousif, M., Hussain, T., & Khan, A. Z. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4594507 · Cited by 1
Development of digital signature algorithm based on the Niederriter crypto-code system
Циганенко, О. С. (2020) · Системи обробки інформації · doi:10.30748/soi.2020.162.09
Perspectives of Blockchain in Cybersecurity
Obaidat, M. A., & Brown, J. M. (2021) · Advances in data mining and database management book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6650-3.ch006
Real-time supply chain tracing using blockchain from cloud-based computing portal
Misra, G., & Bajaj, K. S. (2021) · International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications (CITISIA) · doi:10.1109/citisia53721.2021.9719928
Community Services using Internet of Things
Komandur, S., Shaik, S., Banu, S. S., Ali, S., Hassen, S. M., & tunnisa, F. (2022) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2022922176
Ghourab, E. M., Jaafar, W., Bariah, L., Naser, S. A., Muhaidat, S., & Yanıkömeroğlu, H. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.21601848
Last Mile and Blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges
Villa, R., Serrano, M., & Martín, T. G. (2023) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22749-3_7
Blockchain as an Effective Technology in Maintaining Electronic Health Record Systems
Choudhury, T., Khanna, A., Chatterjee, P., Um, J., & Bhattacharya, A. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394229512.ch5
Gržanić, M., Capuder, T., & Šironja, I. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4675530
Cyber Risk and Impact of Cyber Crimes on User's Online Victimization
Jaffri, N. R. (2023) · Journal of computing and artificial intelligence · doi:10.69591/jcai.v1i1.13
Integrating Blockchain with Deep Packet Inspection and The Performance Overhead IntroducedPreprint
Abubakar, A., & Khan, F. A. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1475.v1
Blockchain‐Based Energy Transmission System
Selvaraj, P., Das, R. K., Burugari, V. K., Karri, G. R., Kanmani, P., & Namburu, A. (2024) · Cyber-Physical Energy Systems · doi:10.1002/9781394173006.ch9
Review on Securing IOT Application Using Blockchain in Transportation Network
Patil, V., Nirkhi, S. M., & Ghodichor, N. (2024) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Application (ICAIQSA) · doi:10.1109/icaiqsa64000.2024.10882287
Gu, T., Fang, R., Liu, X., Song, X., Hao, E., & Zhao, A. (2025) · International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management (ICCREM) · doi:10.1061/9780784485910.030
Kumar, R., & Kushwaha, R. (2025) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/25apr2127
RBFT: Resilience-Oriented Blockchain Consensus Protocol
Fadi, O., Zkik, K., Bahaj, A., Ghazi, A. E., & Boulmalf, M. (2025) · Journal of Metaverse · doi:10.57019/jmv.1623586
Integrating Blockchain and Explainable Neural Networks for Secure Healthcare Data Systems
Jain, A., Nutulapati, N. P., Bharti, S., Donkada, N. K., Anandakumar, K., & P, G. A. (2025) · International Conference on Data Science and Information System (ICDSIS) · doi:10.1109/icdsis65355.2025.11070697
Wireless Power and Smart Battery Management for Next-Generation Pacemakers
Akashvel, A., Harishragavendar, E., & Krishnakumar, V. (2025) · International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) · doi:10.1109/iccmc65190.2025.11140661
Enhancing Smart Power System through Blockchain Technology: Innovation and Implication
Suganyadevi, S., & Nivedha, M. (2025) · Power systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89459-6_16
Optimizing EV Charging Through Priority Scheduling in Network Platforms
Swapna, S., Arthi, P., Shankari, D., Dhandayuthapani, S., Sindhu, T. S., & Malathy, K. (2025) · International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) · doi:10.1109/icesc65114.2025.11212446
MixChain: An Account-Vessel hybrid model for high-performance blockchain system
Ma, Y., Qu, C., Zhao, H., & Li, J. (2026) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2026.108577
Internet‐of‐Things Integrated Blockchain–Based Supply Chain Management Across Various Industries
Murala, D. K., Panda, S. K., Swain, S. K., & Gantayat, P. K. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394315635.ch9
Chen, Y., & Zhu, L. (2025) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.70485
Miranda-Torres, D. A., & Sánchez, N. (2025) · LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI) · doi:10.18687/laccei2025.1.1.997
Key enabling technologies for smart city development: a comprehensive overview
Dakhole, D., Zade, N., Manjula, H. M., Pallavi, M., & Madhura, K. (2025) · International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems · doi:10.2478/ijssis-2025-0061
Blockchain as a Tool for Land Access Redistribution in Indonesia
Suyudi, P. M. (2025) · Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) · doi:10.24843/jmhu.2025.v14.i03.p05
Blockchain-Powered Agri-Security for Corn Supply Management
Jain, K., & Rana, S. K. (2025) · Systems Engineering and Information Technologies · doi:10.54708/2658-5014-siit-2025-no3-p74
Alam, M. T., Halder, R., & Maiti, A. (2026) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132904
Almasarwah, A. K., Al‐Wreikat, A., Salloum, C., Chemangui, M., & Pereira, B. (2026) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.70092
Younan, M., Mostafa, A., Attya, M. E., & Houssein, E. H. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06020-0
Internet of Things and wearable devices integration in 6G-blockchain healthcare networks
Lizy, R. F. S., & Purwono, B. S. A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45875-0.00007-7
The Third Layer: Territorial Sovereignty in the Metaverse
Warner, D. S. (2026) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-026-00267-1
Blockchain-Based Security Architecture For Smart City Data Exchange
Pandey, R., Sharma, N., Gupt, R., Ranjith, P., Gadave, S. I., Sahoo, D. R., Sharma, S., & Rustam, L. (2026) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning · doi:10.51483/ijaiml.6.6s.2026.1346-1357
Albakri, A., Awan, K. A., Aletri, O. Z., Alqahtani, A. M., & Song, H. (2026) · Ain Shams Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.asej.2026.104413
An ISM-MICMAC Approach to Identifying Barriers Hindering Smart Community Governance in China
Gu, T., Fang, R., Liu, X., Yan, H., & Song, X. (2026) · Journal of Urban Planning and Development · doi:10.1061/jupddm.upeng-6035
Pandey, S., Rishiwal, V., Chaudhry, R., Khari, M., Yadav, M., & Yadav, P. (2026) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.70493
Deep Q Siamese convolutional network for intrusion detection in WSN
Bagyam, M. L. N., & Maheswari, S. U. (2026) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-026-10752-3
Roma, Prakash, G., & Parihar, T. S. (2026) · doi:10.66669/cineforum.v66is5.2047
Metadata
- Authors
- Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, R., Aujla, G. S., Kumar, N., Choo, K.-K. R., & Zomaya, A. Y.
- Affiliations
- Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (IN)
- Chandigarh University (IN)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Network and Computer Applications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 144
- Pages
- 13-48
- ISSN
- 1084-8045 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2955591483
- Semantic Scholar
- d2b5eec036d9b5094a1e242e0d9a7c3e26c00d4b
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 244
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 66.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Network and Computer Applications (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Keywords
- blockchain, smart communities, smart cities, Internet of Things, identity privacy, transaction security, decentralized architecture, consensus algorithms, proof-of-work, secure transactions, process model, communication infrastructure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
