Soy isoflavones increase quinone reductase in hepa-1c1c7 cells via estrogen receptor beta and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 binding to the antioxidant response element
Abstract
Soy protein and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) have been demonstrated to increase quinone reductase (QR) activity, protein, and mRNA in animal and cell culture models. However, their mechanism of action has not been completely characterized. Additionally, it has not been determined if equol, a daidzein metabolite, can modulate QR activity and expression. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is thought to be involved in stimulating QR gene transcription by anti-estrogens and phytoestrogens, along with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study tested the hypothesis that genistein, daidzein and equol increase quinone reductase activity, protein and mRNA via ERβ and Nrf2 binding to the QR antioxidant response element (ARE). QR expression and activity were determined using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, protein immunoblots and activity assays. Molecular events were investigated using luciferase reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Hepa-1c1c7 cells were treated with control [0.1% (v:v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]; 1 μmol/L β-naphthoflavone (positive control); 5 μmol/L resveratrol (ChIP positive control for ERβ binding) and 1, 5 and 25 μmol/L genistein, daidzein or equol. Treatment durations were 1 h (ChIP), 24 h (mRNA and luciferase assays) and 24 and 48 h (protein and activity). Genistein, daidzein and equol increased QR activity, protein and mRNA, with daidzein and equol having more of an impact at physiologic concentrations (1 and 5 μmol/L) compared to genistein. Furthermore, the study results demonstrate that genistein, daidzein and equol interact with the QR ARE and that daidzein and equol act via both ERβ and Nrf2 binding strongly to the QR ARE.
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Equol increases expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme quinone reductase (both mRNA and protein levels) via ERβ and Nrf2.
“equol was reported to increase the expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme quinone reductase (both mRNA and protein levels) via similar molecular mechanisms involving ER β and Nrf2 to that described above [98].”
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- Authors
- Froyen, E. B., & Steinberg, F. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Steinberg, Francene M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 843-848
- ISSN
- 0955-2863 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020170935
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
- Keywords
- soy isoflavones, quinone reductase, genistein, daidzein, equol, estrogen receptor beta, Nrf2, antioxidant response element, Hepa1c1c7 cells, transcriptional regulation, phytoestrogens, antioxidant enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Cells, Cultured, Isoflavones, Protein Binding, RNA, Messenger, Glycine max, Transfection, NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), Genistein, Response Elements, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Estrogen Receptor beta, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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