High-energy breakfast based on whey protein reduces body weight, postprandial glycemia and HbA1C in Type 2 diabetes
Abstract
Acute studies show that addition of whey protein at breakfast has a glucose-lowering effect through increased incretin and insulin secretion. However, whether this is a long-term effect in Type 2 diabetes is unknown. Fifty-six Type 2 diabetes participants aged 58.9±4.5 years, BMI 32.1±0.9 kg/m 2 and HbA 1C 7.8±0.1% (61.6±0.79 mmol/mol) were randomized to one of 3 isocaloric diets with similar lunch and dinner, but different breakfast: 1) 42 g total protein, 28 g whey (WBdiet, n=19); 2) 42 g various protein sources (PBdiet, n=19); or 3) high-carbohydrate breakfast, 17 g protein from various sources (CBdiet, n=18). Body weight and HbA 1C were examined after 12 weeks. All participants underwent three all-day meal challenges for postprandial glycemia, insulin, C-peptide, intact glucagon-like peptide 1 (iGLP-1), ghrelin and hunger and satiety scores. Overall postprandial AUC glucose was reduced by 12% in PBdiet and by 19% in WBdiet, compared with CBdiet (P 1C was reduced after WBdiet by 0.89±0.05% (11.5±0.6 mmol/mol), after PBdiet by 0.6±0.04% (7.1±0.31 mmol/mol) and after CBdiet by 0.36±0.04% (2.9±0.31 mmol/mol) (P<.0001). Furthermore, the participants on WBdiet lost 7.6±0.3 kg, PBdiet 6.1±0.3 kg and CBdiet 3.5±0.3 kg (P<.0001). Whey protein-based breakfast is an important adjuvant in the management of Type 2 diabetes.
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Short- and long-term clinical trials in subjects with T2DM suggested that consuming more lower fat containing proteins than carbohydrates at breakfast help to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin responses and blood lipids.
“Short- and long-term clinical trials in subjects with T2DM [84,296,297,298,299,300] (Table 2 and Table 3) suggested that consuming more lower fat containing proteins than carbohydrates at breakfast help to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin responses and blood lipids.”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [296]
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- Authors
- Jakubowicz, D., Wainstein, J., Landau, Z., Ahren, B., Barnea, M., Bar-Dayan, Y., & Froy, O.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Jakubowicz, Daniela
- Froy, Oren
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 49
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0955-2863 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2738454596
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- breakfast, type 2 diabetes, breakfast composition, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, weight loss, incretin secretion, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin, satiety, hunger, insulin secretion, C-peptide, protein intake, meal timing, isocaloric diet, obesity, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diabetic, Diet, Reducing, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Obesity, Satiety Response, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Breakfast
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