Big breakfast rich in protein and fat improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetics
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the effect of breakfast size and composition on body weight, glycemic control, and metabolic markers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: 59 overweight/obese adults with T2DM were randomized to one of two isocaloric diabetic diets for 3 months; big breakfast (BB), breakfast was rich in fat and protein and provided 33% of total daily energy or small breakfast (SB), breakfast was rich in carbohydrates and provided 12.5% of total daily energy. RESULTS: Although body weight was reduced similarly in both groups, the BB group showed greater HbA1c and systolic blood pressure reductions (HbA1c: -4.62% vs. -1.46%, p = 0.047; SBP -9.58 vs. -2.43 mmHg; p = 0.04). T2DM medication dose was reduced in a greater proportion of the BB participants (31% vs. 0%; p = 0.002) while in the SB, a greater proportion of participants had a dose increases (16.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.002). Hunger scores were lower in the BB group and greater improvements in fasting glucose were observed in the BB group. CONCLUSIONS: A simple dietary manipulation enriching breakfast with energy as protein and fat appears to confer metabolic benefits and might be a useful alternative for the management of T2DM.
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Short- and long-term clinical trials in subjects with T2DM suggested that consuming more lower fat containing proteins than carbohydrates at breakfast help to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin responses and blood lipids.
“Short- and long-term clinical trials in subjects with T2DM [84,296,297,298,299,300] (Table 2 and Table 3) suggested that consuming more lower fat containing proteins than carbohydrates at breakfast help to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin responses and blood lipids.”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [300]
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- Authors
- Rabinovitz, H. R., Boaz, M., Ganz, T., Jakubowicz, D., Matas, Z., Madar, Z., & Wainstein, J.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Wolfson Medical Center (IL)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Wainstein, Julio
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-12-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E46-54
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- OpenAlex
- W1545005952
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, breakfast composition, high-protein diet, high-fat diet, glycemic control, HbA1c, body weight, systolic blood pressure, hunger, fasting blood glucose, overweight and obesity, isocaloric diet
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, C-Reactive Protein, Energy Intake, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Patient Compliance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Satiation, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Glycemic Index, Breakfast
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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