The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research
Open accessAbstract
In the last decade the number of bioscience journals has increased enormously, with many filling specialised niches reflecting new disciplines and technologies. The emergence of open-access journals has revolutionised the publication process, maximising the availability of research data. Nevertheless, a wealth of evidence shows that across many areas, the reporting of biomedical research is often inadequate, leading to the view that even if the science is sound, in many cases the publications themselves are not “fit for purpose,” meaning that incomplete reporting of relevant information effectively renders many publications of limited value as instruments to inform policy or clinical and scientific practice1–21.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research.”
From The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
the CONSORT Group, Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18 · Cited by 13,371
Self-citationCONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c332 · Cited by 9,329
Self-citationMoher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04337-3 · Cited by 5,373
Self-citationMinimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data
Brazma, A., Hingamp, P., Quackenbush, J., Sherlock, G., Spellman, P., Stoeckert, C., Aach, J., Ansorge, W., Ball, C. A., Causton, H. C., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1201-365 · Cited by 4,109
Animal research: Reporting in vivo experiments: The ARRIVE guidelines
Kilkenny, C., Browne, W., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00872.x · Cited by 3,625
Self-citationAvoidable waste in the production and reporting of research evidence
Chalmers, I., & Glasziou, P. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60329-9 · Cited by 2,208
Animal Research: Reporting in vivo Experiments—The ARRIVE Guidelines
Kilkenny, C., Browne, W., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2011) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.220 · Cited by 2,012
Self-citationGuidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines
Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Simera, I., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000217 · Cited by 1,437
Self-citationCan Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?
van der Worp, H. B., Howells, D. W., Sena, E. S., Porritt, M. J., Rewell, S., O'Collins, V., & Macleod, M. R. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245 · Cited by 1,354
Guidelines for the Design and Statistical Analysis of Experiments Using Laboratory Animals
Festing, M. F. W., & Altman, D. G. (2002) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar.43.4.244 · Cited by 1,110
Self-citationA catalogue of reporting guidelines for health research
Simera, I., Moher, D., Hoey, J., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02234.x · Cited by 1,047
Self-citationPlint, A. C., Moher, D., Morrison, A., Schulz, K., Altman, D. G., Hill, C., & Gaboury, I. (2006) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00557.x · Cited by 872
Self-citationKilkenny, C., Parsons, N., Kadyszewski, E., Festing, M. F. W., Cuthill, I. C., Fry, D., Hutton, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007824 · Cited by 860
Self-citationComparison of Treatment Effects between Animal Experiments and Clinical Trials: Systematic Review
Perel, P., Roberts, I., Sena, E., Wheble, P., Briscoe, C., Sandercock, P., Macleod, M., Mignini, L. E., Jayaram, P., & Khan, K. S. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.be · Cited by 827
Pooling of Animal Experimental Data Reveals Influence of Study Design and Publication Bias
Macleod, M. R., O’Collins, T., Howells, D. W., & Donnan, G. A. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000125719.25853.20 · Cited by 734
Translation of Research Evidence From Animals to Humans
Hackam, D. G., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.14.1731 · Cited by 733
Statistical Problems in the Reporting of Clinical Trials
Pocock, S., Hughes, M. D., & Lee, R. J. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198708133170706 · Cited by 663
Avoidable Waste in the Production and Reporting of Research Evidence
Chalmers, I., & Glasziou, P. (2009) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181c3020d · Cited by 614
Publication bias in reports of animal stroke studies leads to major overstatement of efficacy
Sena, E. S., van der Worp, H. B., Bath, P. M. W., Howells, D. W., & Macleod, M. R. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000344 · Cited by 600
Reporting ethical matters in The Journal of Physiology: standards and advice
Drummond, G. B. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.167387 · Cited by 570
Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?
Pound, P., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Sandercock, P. A., Bracken, M. B., & Roberts, I. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514 · Cited by 507
Proposed minimum reporting standards for data analysis in metabolomics
Goodacre, R., Broadhurst, D., Smilde, A. K., Kristal, B. S., Baker, J. D., Beger, R. D., Bessant, C., Connor, S. C., Capuani, G., Craig, A., et al. (2007) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-007-0081-3 · Cited by 457
Quality of reporting of observational longitudinal research.
Tooth, L. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi042 · Cited by 363
Good Laboratory Practice: Preventing Introduction of Bias at the Bench
Macleod, M. R., Fisher, M., O'Collins, V., Sena, E. S., Dirnagl, U., Bath, P. M. W., Buchan, A., van der Worp, H. B., Traystman, R., Minematsu, K., et al. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.525386 · Cited by 331
EQUATOR: reporting guidelines for health research
Altman, D. G., Simera, I., Hoey, J., Moher, D., & Schulz, K. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60505-x · Cited by 325
Self-citationStone, S. P., Cooper, B. S., Kibbler, C., Cookson, B., Roberts, J. A., Medley, G. F., Duckworth, G. J., Lai, R., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Brown, E. M., et al. (2007) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70082-8 · Cited by 309
Rice, A. S. C., Cimino-Brown, D., Eisenach, J. C., Kontinen, V., LaCroix‐Fralish, M. L., Ian, M., Mogil, J. S., & Stöhr, T. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.08.017 · Cited by 304
Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE Guidelines
Kilkenny, C., Browne, W., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.1473 · Cited by 256
Self-citationHopewell, S., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & Schulz, K. F. (2008) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-9-20 · Cited by 241
Self-citationDo in vivo Experimental Models Reflect Human Cerebral Small Vessel Disease? a Systematic Review
Hainsworth, A. H., & Markus, H. S. (2008) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.91 · Cited by 240
Nimodipine in Animal Model Experiments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Horn, J., de Haan, R. J., Vermeulen, M., Luiten, P. G. M., & Limburg, M. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/hs1001.096009 · Cited by 231
Reporting in randomized clinical trials improved after adoption of the CONSORT statement
Kane, R. L., Wang, J., & Garrard, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.06.016 · Cited by 226
EQUATOR: reporting guidelines for health research.
Altman, D. G., Simera, I., Hoey, J., Moher, D., & Schulz, K. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 224
Self-citationAnimal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE Guidelines
Kilkenny, C., Browne, W., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 221
Self-citationAltman, D. G. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1056 · Cited by 174
Self-citationJafari, P., & Azuaje, F. J. (2006) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-6-27 · Cited by 157
Animal Alternatives, Welfare and Ethics
Maastricht, S. (1998) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10221.x · Cited by 157
Good publication practice for pharmaceutical companies
Wager, E., Field, E. A., & Grossman, L. (2003) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079903125001767 · Cited by 148
O'Connor, A. M. C., Sargeant, J. M., Gardner, I. A., Dickson, J. S., Torrence, M. E., Dewey, C. E., Dohoo, I. R., Evans, R. B., Gray, J. T., Greiner, M., et al. (2009) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.10.008 · Cited by 140
Stone, S. P., Cooper, B. S., Kibbler, C. C., Cookson, B., Roberts, J. A., Medley, G. F., Duckworth, G. J., Lai, R., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Brown, E. M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkm055 · Cited by 130
Morris, C. E., Bardin, M., Berge, O., Frey‐Klett, P., Fromin, N., Girardin, H., Guinebretière, M., Lebaron, P., Thiery, J. M., & Troussellier, M. (2002) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.66.4.592-616.2002 · Cited by 122
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
van der Weyden, M. V. (2006) · doi:10.2349/biij.2.4.e54-13 · Cited by 110
Improving bioscience research reporting: ARRIVE-ing at a solution
Kilkenny, C., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/la.2010.0010021 · Cited by 103
Self-citationPeters, J., Sutton, A. J., Jones, D. R. H., Rushton, L., & Abrams, K. R. (2006) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B · doi:10.1080/03601230600857130 · Cited by 94
Mignini, L. E., & Khan, K. S. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-10 · Cited by 94
Journal Editorial Policies, Animal Welfare, and the 3Rs
Osborne, N. J., Payne, D., & Newman, M. L. (2009) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265160903318343 · Cited by 86
Assessment of ecological effects due to forest harvesting: approaches and statistical issues
Bennett, L. T., & Adams, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00924.x · Cited by 86
Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE guidelines
(2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.192278 · Cited by 84
O'Connor, A. M. C., Sargeant, J. M., Gardner, I. A., Dickson, J. S., Torrence, M. E., Participants, C. M., Dewey, C. E., Dohoo, I. R., Evans, R. B., Gray, J. T., et al. (2010) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01311.x · Cited by 77
Sargeant, J., Elgie, R., Valcour, J., Saint-Onge, J., Thompson, A., Marcynuk, P., & Snedeker, K. (2009) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.06.002 · Cited by 76
Ellery, A. W. (1985) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/002367785780942714 · Cited by 62
Writing a research article that is "fit for purpose": EQUATOR Network and reporting guidelines
Simera, I., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebm.14.5.132 · Cited by 61
Self-citationQuality of reporting of clinical trials of dogs and cats and associations with treatment effects.
Sargeant, J., Thompson, A., Valcour, J., Elgie, R., Saint-Onge, J., Marcynuk, P., & Snedeker, K. (2010) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0386.x · Cited by 59
Assessment of statistical procedures used in papers in the Australian Veterinary Journal
McCance, I. (1995) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb07534.x · Cited by 53
Reporting animal use in scientific papers
Smith, J. A., Birke, L. I. A., & Sadler, D. (1997) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/002367797780596176 · Cited by 45
Animal definition: a necessity for the validity of animal experiments?
Örink, K. J., & Rehbinder, C. (2000) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/002367700780457608 · Cited by 41
Publications should include an animal-welfare section
Würbel, H. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/446257a · Cited by 36
Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments: The ARRIVE guidelines
(2010) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.053793 · Cited by 34
Alfaro, V. (2005) · Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1358/mf.2005.27.7.921309 · Cited by 28
Animal welfare: reporting details is good science
Sherwin, C. M. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/448251b · Cited by 12
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Macleod, 2005, What can systematic review and meta-analysis tell us about the experimental data supporting stroke drug development?, Int J Neuroprot Neuroregener, 1, 201
- Council of Science Editors – Editorial Policy Committee (2008–2009) CSE’s White Paper on promoting integrity in scientific journal publications, 2009 Update. Available: http://www. councilscienceeditors.org/editorial_policies/whitepaper/entire_whitepaper.pdf. Accessed 22 January 2010.
- Committee on publication ethics (COPE). COPE best practice guidelines for journal editors. Available: http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/Best_Practice.pdf. Accessed 22 January 2010.
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics: The Ethics of Research involving Animals (2005) Chapter 15: Discussion and Recommendations; pp 313, paragraph 15.58. Available: http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/fileLibrary/pdf/RIA_Report_FINAL-opt.pdf. Accessed 26 January 2010.
- Hooijmans, 2009, Improving the quality of publications on animal experiments to make systematic reviews possible, ALTEX, 26, 262
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research
Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., et al. (2020) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410 · Cited by 5,939
Self-citationThe ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research
du Sert, N. P., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., et al. (2020) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep088870 · Cited by 3,545
Self-citationThe ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research*
Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20943823 · Cited by 1,443
Self-citationThe ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research
du Sert, N. P., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15193 · Cited by 1,137
Self-citationThe ARRIVE guidelines 2019: updated guidelines for reporting animal researchPreprint
du Sert, N. P., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M. T., Baker, M., Browne, W. J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I. C., Dirnagl, U., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/703181 · Cited by 1,043
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G.
- Affiliations
- National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kilkenny, C.
- Venue
- Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 256-260
- ISSN
- 1063-4584 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121190453
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 27.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- British Heart Foundation
- Royal Society
- Parkinson's UK
- Imperial College London
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Keywords
- ARRIVE guidelines, animal research reporting, reporting quality, open access journals, biomedical research, reporting guidelines, reproducibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Husbandry, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Peer Review, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing, Quality Control, Research Design, Guidelines as Topic, Animal Experimentation, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
