Efficacy of group psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Most studies report that individual CBT and group CBT are equally effective in patients with OCD.
“Although some studies have found that individual CBT is superior to group CBT in patients with OCD [26, 27], most studies report that both are equally effective [29, 97].”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Group therapy is highly efficacious in reducing OC symptoms compared to wait-list control groups (g = 0.97, 95% CI 0.58; 1.37, p < 0.001, k = 4).
“Another meta-analysis [29] confirmed that group therapy is highly efficacious in reducing OC symptoms compared to wait-list control groups (g = 0.97, 95% CI 0.58; 1.37, p < 0.001, k = 4).”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Group therapy is similar in effectiveness compared to individual therapy or pharmacotherapy.
“Additionally, Schwartze et al. [29] determined that group therapy is similar in effectiveness compared to individual therapy or pharmacotherapy.”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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Recent Developments in Group Psychotherapy Research
Rosendahl, J., Alldredge, C. T., Burlingame, G. M., & Strauss, B. (2021) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20200031 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationCoco, G. L., Melchiori, F. M., Oieni, V., Infurna, M. R., Strauss, B. M., Schwartze, D., Rosendahl, J., & Gullo, S. (2019) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.016 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationThe psychology of the COVID-19 pandemic: A group-level perspective.
Marmarosh, C. L., Forsyth, D. R., Strauss, B., & Burlingame, G. M. (2020) · Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/gdn0000142 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationPozza, A., & Dèttore, D. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.056 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Group therapy for schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.
Burlingame, G. M., Svien, H., Hoppe, L., Hunt, I. J., & Rosendahl, J. (2020) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000293 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationModerators in psychotherapy meta-analysis
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Observation of Interactions in Adolescent Group Therapy: A Mixed Methods Study
Arias-Pujol, E., & Anguera, M. T. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01188 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Schwartze et al. (2016) recently published a meta-analysis that showed that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.”
BackgroundGroup therapy for mood disorders: A meta-analysis
Janis, R. A., Burlingame, G. M., Svien, H., Jensen, J., & Lundgreen, R. (2020) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2020.1817603 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of group psychotherapy for panic disorder: Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
Schwartze, D., Barkowski, S., Strauss, B. M., Burlingame, G. M., Barth, J., & Rosendahl, J. (2017) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/gdn0000064 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMetacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Miegel, F. S., Moritz, S., Hottenrott, B., Demiralay, C., & Jelinek, L. (2021) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100647 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fisher, P., Cherry, M., Stuart, T., Rigby, J., & Temple, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.019 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Luu, J., Millard, M., Newby, J. M., Haskelberg, H., Hobbs, M. J., & Mahoney, A. (2020) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100561 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Miegel, F., Demiralay, C., Moritz, S., Wirtz, J., Hottenrott, B., & Jelinek, L. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02648-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Another meta-analysis [29] confirmed that group therapy is highly efficacious in reducing OC symptoms compared to wait-list control groups (g = 0.”
BackgroundResultCastle, D. J., Feusner, J. D., Laposa, J. M., Richter, P. M. A., Hossain, R., Lusicic, A., & Drummond, L. M. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152357 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…participating in group therapy include a sense of belonging amid the experience that others have similar problems; the ability to encourage and motivate each other and to solve problems using feedback; and to have the opportunity to compare and contrast appraisals of obsessive thoughts [102].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeue Entwicklungen in der Gruppenpsychotherapieforschung – ein Update
Strauss, B. M., Burlingame, G. M., & Rosendahl, J. (2020) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-020-00430-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Metacognitive Training for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study
Miegel, F., Demiralay, C., Sure, A., Moritz, S., Hottenrott, B., Cludius, B., & Jelinek, L. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01158-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“A recent metaanalysis (Schwartze et al., 2016) showed that groupCBT forOCD was as effective as individual therapy and pharmacotherapy and superior to wait-list control (Hedges’ g= 0.97, 95%CI 0.58; 1.37, p< .001, k= 4).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZhang, L., & Takahashi, Y. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.033 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ameringen, M. V., Fineberg, N. A., Ravindran, A. V., Arnold, P. D., Beaulieu, S., Brakoulias, V., Brietzke, E. M., Dowlati, Y., Drummond, L. M., Ferretti, C. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.039 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bortoncello, C. F., Cardoso, N. D. O., Salvador, E. Z., de Avila, R. C., Machado, W. D. L., & Ferrão, Y. A. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2021-2264 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wie wirksam ist Gruppenpsychotherapie im Vergleich zur Einzelpsychotherapie?
Barkowski, S., Schwartze, D., Burlingame, G. M., Strauss, B. M., & Rosendahl, J. (2016) · Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik · doi:10.13109/grup.2016.52.2.142 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Miguel, C., Čihařová, M., Amarnath, A., Lin, J., Zhao, R., Toffolo, M. B. J., Harrer, M., Struijs, S. Y., de Wit, L. M., et al. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.197 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Drawingonexistingknowl-edge, 4,25,26,32 – 35 we hypothesised that all CBT delivery formats would be significantly more effective than control groups, with no specific expectations regarding acceptability.”
Clinical practice guidelines for obsessive-compulsive disorder: 2025 update
Arumugham, S. S., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Balachander, S., Sharma, E., Jaisoorya, T. S., Reddy, S. C., Siddiqui, A., Desouza, A., Shah, P., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2026) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_1259_25 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“[128] 131] Where resources are available, 15–20 hours of therapist-assisted CBT/ERP may be considered.”
Aktueller Stand der Gruppenpsychotherapieforschung
Strauss, B. M., Barkowski, S., Schwartze, D., & Rosendahl, J. (2016) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-016-0120-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…mit dem vorgestellten Projekt erstmals systematisch die Wirksamkeit vonGruppenpsychotherapie imVergleich zu verschiedenen Kontrollbedingungen und bei verschiedenen Störungsbildern mit hohem methodischem Standard metaanalytisch untersucht wurde (z. B. Barkowski et al. 2016; Schwartze et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInstrumente und Materialien zur Unterstützung gruppenpsychotherapeutischer Praxis
Strauss, B. M. (2020) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-020-00433-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…das BDI im Zusammenhang mit depressiven Störungen, Angstskalen, Skalen, die spezifisches Verhalten erfassen, oder die YaleBrown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, die international inStudienzurGruppentherapie von Zwangsstörungen als „KernOutcome-Instrument“ eingesetzt wird (Schwartze et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNielsen, S. K., Stuart, A., Winding, C., Øllgaard, M., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Daniel, S. I. F., Vangkilde, S., Rosenberg, N., Hageman, I., & Jørgensen, M. B. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000544070 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Malát, J., Cheng, S. E. T., & Tay, A. T. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_37 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Creating an Evidence Base for Social Work, Group Work, and Psychodrama
Giacomucci, S. (2021) · Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_10
Group Therapy in Adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review
Bulut, S., & Subaşı, M. (2020) · Open Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.4236/ojmp.2020.94012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bortoncello, C. F., Cardoso, N. D. O., & Ferrão, Y. A. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas · doi:10.5935/1808-5687.20230021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…2017; Jones et al., 2018) and adolescents (O’Leary et al., 2009; Farrel et al., 2016; Shabani et al., 2019), some authors suggest that GCBT should be used more to reduce the waiting lines and increase the population’s access to mental health services (Schwartze et al., 2016; Pozza & Dettore, 2017).”
BackgroundNiños en psicoterapia de grupo: el discurso grupal del juego terapéutico
de la Hoz-Martínez, Á. (2022) · Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría · doi:10.4321/s0211-57352022000200009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gil-Delgado Armada, I., Zaragoza Ferrando, L., Pelayo Revetún, P., García Fernández, L., Cabedo Barber, E., Roncero Sanchís, M., & García Soriano, G. (2023) · Revista de Psicopatologia y Psicologia Clinica · doi:10.5944/rppc.33872
“La investigación clínica muestra que la TCCG puede ser tan eficaz como la terapia individual o el tratamiento farmacológico (BelottoSilva et al., 2012; Olatunji et al., 2013; Pozza y Dettore, 2017; RosaAlcázar et al., 2008; Schwartze et al., 2016; Sousa et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAn Overview of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Science and Practice
Nowakowski, M. E., & Bieling, P. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00205-3
CFT – Mitgefühlsfokussierte Gruppentherapie
Erekson, D. M., Griner, D., & Beecher, M. E. (2023) · Ärztliche Psychotherapie · doi:10.21706/aep-18-2-105
Malát, J., Cheng, S. E. T., & Tay, A. T. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_37-1
Crain, L. D., & Ulman, K. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11844-9.00014-x
Wucherpfennig, F., Borger, C., & Schwartz, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1641718
5.8 Anträge, Dokumentation und Evaluation von Gruppenpsychotherapien
Strauss, B. M. (2026) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666400575.351
Self-citationNielsen, S. K. K., Stuart, A. C., Pedersen, M. Ø., Winding, C., Rosenberg, N., Hageman, I., Jørgensen, M. B., & Vangkilde, S. (2026) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2026.2671186
Jennissen, S., Ringel, T., Fugmann, D., & Dinger, U. (2026) · Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik · doi:10.13109/grup.2026.62.2.102
- Authors
- Schwartze, D., Barkowski, S., Burlingame, G. M., Strauss, B., & Rosendahl, J.
- Affiliations
- Jena University Hospital (DE)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwartze, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 49-61
- ISSN
- 2211-3649 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2388586080
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KG1216)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, group therapy, group cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment efficacy, waitlist control, individual psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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