Responsiveness and Minimal Important Change of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Short Forms in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a valid and reliable patient-reported instrument used to assess pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Recently, the 2-item (PSEQ-2) and the 4-item (PSEQ-4) short versions were developed showing satisfactory measurement properties in mixed populations with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to examine responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC) of PSEQ, PSEQ-2, and PSEQ-4 in patients with CLBP. We used a sample of 104 patients undergoing multimodal physical therapy designed to partly change pain self-efficacy beliefs. Responsiveness was assessed by testing 16 a priori formulated hypotheses regarding effect sizes, areas under the curve, and correlations with changes in other instruments measuring other constructs. The MIC was calculated using an external anchor specific for pain self-efficacy and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) method. The PSEQ and the PSEQ-4 met all hypotheses, whereas the PSEQ-2 met all but 1. The MICs were 5.5 for the PSEQ (9% of the scale range) and 1.5 for PSEQ-2 (13% scale range) and PSEQ-4 (6% scale range). MIC values were different for patients with low or high baseline values for all 3 instruments. The PSEQ and its short versions are adequately responsive instruments in patients with CLBP.Perspective This study suggests that the PSEQ and its short versions are responsive measures of pain self-efficacy in patients with CLBP, adding to previous literature on their validity and reliability. Considering their similar responsiveness, the 4-item PSEQ could replace the original 10-item version in busy clinical or research settings.
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Two studies of the PSEQ in people with low back pain suggest that a change of greater than 5.5 or 8.5 points constitutes a minimal clinically important difference (MCID).
“However, two studies of the PSEQ in people with low back pain suggest a change of greater than 5.5 20 or 8.5 21 points constitutes a MCID.”
From A service evaluation to examine the effectiveness of chronic pain management programmes delivered using video conferencing technology compared to in-person (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
The mean pre-post pain score differences alone exceed the suggested MCID of 5.5 recommended by one study.
“These mean values alone exceed the suggested MCID of 5.5 recommended by one study. 20”
From A service evaluation to examine the effectiveness of chronic pain management programmes delivered using video conferencing technology compared to in-person (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Chiarotto, A., Vanti, C., Cedraschi, C., Ferrari, S., de Lima e Sà Resende, F., Ostelo, R. W., & Pillastrini, P.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Chiarotto, Alessandro
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 707-718
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2295714482
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, pain self-efficacy, chronic low back pain, minimal important change, responsiveness, short-form questionnaire, physiotherapy, patient-reported outcome measures, external anchors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Low Back Pain, Self Efficacy, Young Adult, Catastrophization, Chronic Pain
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