Cited by 485Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology

Schmidt, Norman B., Zvolensky, Michael J., Maner, Jon K.·2006·Journal of Psychiatric Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.009

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Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) predicts subsequent development of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks. However, evidence regarding whether AS serves as a premorbid risk factor for the development of clinical syndromes is lacking. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether AS acts as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diagnoses. A large nonclinical sample of young adults (N=404) was prospectively followed over two years. The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI: Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986; 24: 1-8.) and trait anxiety served as predictors. Consistent with prior reports, AS predicted the development of spontaneous panic attacks in those with no history of panic. Importantly, AS was found to predict the incidence of anxiety disorder diagnoses and overall Axis I diagnoses in those with no history of Axis I diagnoses at study entry. These are the first data to provide strong prospective evidence for AS as a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders.

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Nonclinical Panic Attack History and Anxiety Sensitivity: Testing the Differential Moderating Role of Self-Report and Behavioral Indices of Distress Tolerance
Johnson, K. A., Berenz, E. C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9410-y · Cited by 12
“…role of AS in predicting future panic attacks and related forms of psychopathology (Hayward et al. 2000; Maller and Reiss 1992; Schmidt et al. 1999; Schmidt et al. 2006), other studies suggest persons with panic attacks, compared to those without such histories, report significantly elevated…”
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“AS is concurrently and prospectively associated with an increased risk of anxiety and mood psycho-pathology and more severe symptoms (Boffa et al., 2016; Leventhal & Zvolensky, 2015; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Test of a Factor Mixture-Based Taxonic-Dimensional Model of Anxiety Sensitivity and Panic Attack Vulnerability among University and Clinical Samples in Mexico City
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“There is also evidence that it predicts anxiety disorders and other Axis I disorders classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) in later life.(27) Although research on somatosensory amplification, a tendency to focus on and emphasize physical sensations, is still r…”
Background
The cognitive anxiety sensitivity treatment (CAST) in anxiety prevention – Focus on separation anxiety and interoception
Schiele, M. A., Vietz, M., Gajewska, A., Unterecker, S., Gottschalk, M. G., Deckert, J., Neufang, S., Schmidt, N. B., & Domschke, K. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.08.265 · Cited by 11
Psychological characteristics of early remitters in patients with panic disorder.
Park, H.-J., Kim, E.-J., Ku, J., Woo, J., Lee, S.-H., Chung, S.-K., Lee, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-R., Kang, E., Lee, J.-H., et al. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.11.001 · Cited by 11
“In addition, AS has been found to be useful for identifying individuals at risk for the emergence or relapse of panic attacks in some prospective longitudinal studies (Ehlers, 1995; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Introduction to Anxiety Sensitivity
Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506296968 · Cited by 11
Impact of state and trait anxiety on the panic response to CCK-4
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“Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the measurement of fear of anxiety related sensations (Reiss et al. 1986) is not only a risk factor of panic attack development in healthy controls ( Schmidt et al. 2006 ) but predicts also panic severity after hyperventilation (Holloway and McNally 1987) and CO2 inhalation (Eke and McNally 1…”
Background
The effects of physiological arousal on cognitive and psychomotor performance among individuals with high and low anxiety sensitivity
Barnard, K., Broman‐Fulks, J. J., Michael, K. D., Webb, R. M., & Zawilinski, L. (2010) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2010.494328 · Cited by 11
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Anxiety sensitivity and smoking variability among treatment seeking smokers
Powers, M., Davis, M. L., Kauffman, B. Y., Baird, S. O., Zvolensky, M. J., Rosenfield, D., Marcus, B., Church, T., Frierson, G. M., Otto, M., et al. (2016) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000075 · Cited by 10
“AS is implicated in the increased development and maintenance of various emotional symptoms and disorders (eg, panic attacks, depressive symptoms, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder), and is distinguishable empirically and theoretically from anxiety symptoms and other negative affect states such as depressi…”
Background
RORA Polymorphism Interacts with Childhood Maltreatment in Determining Anxiety Sensitivity by Sex: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults
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Clinical Manual of Prevention in Mental Health
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Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9550-3 · Cited by 10
“AS is known to be a risk factor in the development (Schmidt et al. 1997; Schmidt et al. 2006) and maintenance of anxiety psychopathology (Olatunji and Wolitzky-Taylor 2009).”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of the association between premenstrual symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity.
Nillni, Y. I., Berenz, E. C., Pineles, S. L., Coffey, S. F., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2013) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0032087 · Cited by 9
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“They are also more likely to overestimate and exaggerate the negative consequences of anxiety and try to avoid anxiety-provoking situations [55, 59].”
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A multidimensional investigation of anxiety sensitivity and depression outcomes in cognitive-behavioral group therapy
Thiruchselvam, T., Patel, A., Daros, A. R., Jain, E., Asadi, S., Laposa, J. M., Kloiber, S. M., & Quilty, L. C. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113446 · Cited by 8
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The Disgust Threat Interpretation Bias is Not Moderated by Anxiety & Disgust Sensitivity
Leathers-Smith, E., & Davey, G. C. L. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.007410 · Cited by 8
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“Indeed, anxiety sensitivity plays a key role in the etiology and maintenance of many forms of anxiety/depressive psychopathology (Bakhshaie, et al., 2014; Olatunji & Wolitzky-Taylor, 2009; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Anxiety Prediction during Stressful Scenarios using Machine Learning
Sanjay, V. M., Ankith, I., Gc, D., Akshaya, H. P., Malik, J., & Tejaswini, B. N. (2022) · International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) · doi:10.1109/iciccs53718.2022.9788151 · Cited by 8
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Modeling disorders of fear and anxiety in animals
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Interplay of dysphoria and anxiety sensitivity in relation to emotion regulatory cognitions of smoking among treatment‐seeking smokers
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“subscale; (8) AS, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-III—total score; (9) SCQnr, The negative affect reduction subscale of Smoking Consequences Questionnaire; (10) BCS, Barriers to Cessation Scale; (11) AIS, Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale.”
BackgroundMethod
The Contribution of Anxiety Sensitivity to Obsessive–Compulsive and Anxiety Symptoms in a Naturalistic Treatment Setting
Kaczkurkin, A. N., Fitzgerald, H. E., Tyler, J., & Asnaani, A. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9909-6 · Cited by 9
“High levels of AS have been shown to predict anxiety disorder onset and reoccurrence in prospective longitudinal studies (Calkins et al. 2009; McNally 2002; Schmidt et al. 2006).”
Anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with obesity and chronic pain: the role of anxiety sensitivity
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“For example, anxiety sensitivity has been found to be concurrently and prospectively associated with an increased risk of anxiety and mood psychopathology and more severe symptoms (Boffa et al., 2016; Leventhal & Zvolensky, 2015; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResult
Prospective relations between anxiety sensitivity and transdiagnostic anxiety following cognitive-behavioral therapy: Evidence from the Coordinated Anxiety Learning management trial
Hunt, C., Campbell‐Sills, L., Chavira, D. A., Craske, M. G., Sherbourne, C. D., Sullivan, G., Roy‐Byrne, P., Stein, M. B., & Bomyea, J. A. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104119 · Cited by 7
A comparative evaluation of panicogenic processes and quality of life in a sample of non-clinical panickers and age and sex matched non-panicking controls
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“Further, AS has been shown to prospectively predict the development of K. J. Korte N. B. Schmidt (&) Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA e-mail: schmidt@psy.fsu.edu panic (Schmidt et al. 1997, 1999, 2006).”
Background
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Prediction of Social Anxiety Disorder in Students
Mashhadi, A., Ghasempour, A., Akbari, E., Ilbaygi, R., & Hassanzadeh, S. (2013) · Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology · Cited by 7
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Experiencing, Psychopathology, and the Tripartite Mind
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“Anxiety sensitivity is associated with a tendency to become hyper-vigilant toward one’s embodied responses and is also a vulnerability factor for the development of clinically significant anxiety and mood disorders [85].”
Background
Repeated Exposure to Perceptual Illusion Challenges Reduces Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns: Evidence From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Albanese, B. J., Bauer, B. W., Raudales, A. M., Capron, D. W., & Schmidt, N. B. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.04.003 · Cited by 6
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No gene-by-environment interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on anxiety sensitivity in a mixed race adolescent sample
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“, 2007), particularly panic disorder symptoms (Hayward, Killen, Kraemer, & Taylor, 2000; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
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Day, T. N., Chong, L. J., & Meyer, A. M. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00648-1 · Cited by 7
Symptom Attributions Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Panic Disorder
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Anxiety sensitivity in the perinatal period: A scoping review
Zimmermann, M., Mahanna, A., Shashkova, E., Drouhard, R., Carr, C., Sheldrick, R. C., Boudreaux, E. D., Schmidt, N. B., & Byatt, N. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200397 · Cited by 6
The Association Between Parent-to-Child Fear Learning Pathways and Anxiety Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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“Wolitzky-Taylor, 2009; Schmidt et al., 2006; Taylor et al., 1996).”
Separation Anxiety Disorder in Panic Disorder Patients with and without Comorbid Agoraphobia
Doğan, B., Kocabaş, O., Sevinçok, D., Baygın, C., Memiş, Ç. Ö., & Sevinçok, L. (2021) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2021.1875730 · Cited by 5
“Some studies have found that anxiety sensitivity is a significant predictor of the incidence of anxiety disorders, including PD, while trait anxiety does not predict anxiety, panic attack, or agoraphobia (Jurin & Biglbauer, 2018; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Psychometric properties of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 in adults with substance use disorders
Hilton, B. T., Yusufov, M., Rosellini, A. J., Taghian, N. R., Weiss, R. D., Griffin, M. L., & McHugh, R. K. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108507 · Cited by 5
Pilot randomized clinical trial targeting anxiety sensitivity: effects on physical activity
Lanoye, A. M., Rybarczyk, B. D., Evans, R. K., Leahey, T. M., & LaRose, J. G. (2021) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2021.1954082 · Cited by 5
“…research suggesting that anxiety sensitivity may precede the development of more clinically significant psychological symptoms (Allan et al., 2016; Plehn & Peterson, 2002; Schmidt et al., 1997, 1999, 2006), recent efforts have focused on developing treatments specifically targeting this construct.”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity and panic symptoms: the moderating influence of distress tolerance
Geyer, R. B., Magee, J. C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2146102 · Cited by 6
“Moreover, higher overall AS has prospectively predicted the onset of later panic attacks and symptoms across a range of clinical and nonclinical populations (Jurin & Biglbauer, 2018; Maller & Reiss, 1992; Olatunji & Wolitzky-Taylor, 2009; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Reciprocal and Indirect Effects Among Intervention, Perceived Social Support, and Anxiety Sensitivity Within a Randomized Controlled Trial for Anxiety Disorders
Metts, A. V., Roy‐Byrne, P., Stein, M. B., Sherbourne, C. D., Bystritsky, A., & Craske, M. G. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2023.05.008 · Cited by 6
CORRELATION AMONG EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE, ANXIETY SENSITIVITY AND BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION SYSTEM IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND PANIC DISORDER PATIENTS
Görgülü, S. A., Baykan, H., & Karlıdere, T. (2023) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2023.344 · Cited by 5
“(Reiss 1991, Schmidt et al.2006) It is reported that in different psychopathologies, experiential avoidance plays a mediating role with regard to anxiety sensitivity (Espel-Huynha et al. 2019) and that it is an expansive psychological process covering also anxiety sensitivity (Pickett et al. 2012).”
Background
Impaired Facial Affect Perception in Unaffected Children at Familial Risk for Panic Disorder
Bilodeau, C., Bradwejn, J., & Koszycki, D. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0513-z · Cited by 5
New Evidence on the Construct Validity of the ASI-3 and the Dimensional Conceptualization of Trait Anxiety Sensitivity From IRT Modeling
Kemper, C., & Hock, M. (2017) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000284 · Cited by 3
“Further evidence on the role of AS in pathogenesis was put forward by Schmidt, Zvolensky, and Maner (2006).”
Background
Anxiety Sensitivity in School Attending Youth: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the 18-Item CASI in a Multicultural South African Sample
Martin, L. I., Kidd, M., & Seedat, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01996 · Cited by 5
“…the development of anxiety symptoms in children, adolescents (Schmidt et al., 2010) and young adults (Schmidt et al., 2008), including the incidence of spontaneous panic attacks (in those without panic histories) and overall Axis I diagnoses, in non-clinical young adults (Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Do Youth with Separation Anxiety Disorder Differ in Anxiety Sensitivity From Youth with Other Anxiety Disorders?
Hannesdottir, D. K., Sigurjónsdóttir, S. B., Njarðvík, U., & Ollendick, T. H. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0805-9 · Cited by 5
“For instance, anxiety sensitivity has been found to predict the development of anxiety symptoms over a 1 year period in non-clinical samples [27], to predict panic symptoms and the occurrence of sudden panic attacks in nonreferred youth [28], and anxiety sensitivity seems to play an important role in phobic avoidance…”
Background
Parental Emotion-Focused Behaviors Moderate the Relationship Between Perceptual Sensitivity and Fear Reactivity in Anxious Children
Woodward, E. C., Viana, A. G., Raines, E. M., Trent, E. S., Candelari, A. E., Storch, E. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00937-x · Cited by 6
Development and Initial Validation of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index
Luberto, C. M., McLeish, A. C., & Kallen, R. W. (2020) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00086-3 · Cited by 6
Weekly and Holiday-Related Patterns of Panic Attacks in Panic Disorder: A Population-Based Study
Kao, L., Xirasagar, S., Chung, K., Lin, H., Liu, S., & Chung, S.-D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100913 · Cited by 5
“Other studies show that acute stress may trigger PA in predisposed persons with high anxiety levels such as PD patients [27–29].”
Background
Cognitive Bias Modification to Enhance Resilience to a Panic Challenge
Beadel, J. R. (2015) · doi:10.18130/v3rg4g · Cited by 5
Panic Disorder Induced by a “Herbal” Product Containing Sibutramine: Case Series with Review of Literature
Eraslan, D., Coban, A. A., & Ertekin, E. (2015) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20140730034327 · Cited by 4
The Interactive Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs on Anxiety
Gorday, J. Y., & Bardeen, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00054 · Cited by 6
Refinement and examination of a brief anxiety sensitivity focused intervention
Keough, M. E. (2011) · Cited by 4
Polish Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-III
Michałowski, J. M., Holas, P., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000129 · Cited by 4
The moderating role of smoking amount per day on the relations between anxiety sensitivity, smoking dependence, and cognitive–affective aspects of smoking among treatment seeking smokers
Brandt, C. P., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Schmidt, N. B., Leventhal, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2015.03.006 · Cited by 6
Distress in partners of cardiac patients: relationship quality and social support
Saltmarsh, N., Murphy, B. M., Bennett, P. C., Higgins, R. O., Macvean, M. L., Grande, M. R. L., Thompson, D. R., Ski, C. F., Worcester, M. C., & Jackson, A. C. (2016) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2016.11.8.397 · Cited by 4
The Parent Sensitivity to Child Anxiety Index
Wissemann, K., Gorday, J. Y., & Meyer, A. M. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0797-5 · Cited by 4
“Anxiety sensitivity has been associated with a number of anxiety disorders, suggesting that high AS may be a transdiagnostic risk factor [22, 23].”
Background
Fear and Phobia: A Critical Review and the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis
Rofé, Y., & Rofé, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v7n2p37 · Cited by 4
Suppressing the white bears interacts with anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of mood and anxiety symptoms
Keough, M. E., Timpano, K. R., Riccardi, C. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.008 · Cited by 4
Risk of co-occuring psychopathology: Testing a prediction of expectancy theory
Capron, D. W., Norr, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.10.011 · Cited by 4
Anxiety Sensitivity and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Mini Review
Khakpoor, S., Yousefi, F., & Saed, O. (2018) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.29252/shenakht.5.5.69 · Cited by 5
The Effectiveness of Hatha Yoga on Symptoms of Anxiety and Related Vulnerabilities, Mindfulness, and Psychological Wellbeing in Female Health Care Employees
Dunn, K. D. (2009) · doi:10.13021/mars/4253 · Cited by 4
Exposure Therapy Consortium: Outcomes of the Proof-of-Principle Study
Smits, J. A. J., Abramowitz, J. S., Anderson, R., Arch, J. J., Badeja, D., Barzilay, S., Belanger, A., Borchert, T., Bryant, E., Burger, A. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102962 · Cited by 3
“…the fear of anxiety and related sensations based on the belief that such sensations are dangerous (Reiss et al., 1986), and is an empirically established risk and maintaining factor for panic attacks and panic disorder, as well as for other fear-and anxiety-related disorders (Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Anxiety sensitivity and cannabis use: A systematic review and conceptualization of research findings
Short, N. A., Weese, R., Pezza, M., & Bedard‐Gilligan, M. A. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104733 · Cited by 3
The Indirect Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Panic Symptoms and Panic Severity
Talkovsky, A. M., & Norton, P. J. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.29.2.123 · Cited by 3
“AS prospectively predicts panic attacks and Axis I pathology (Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of academic success of medical students at the University of Mostar.
Zalihić, A., Mešukić, S., Sušac, B., Knezović, K., & Martinac, M. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Anxiety sensitivity in online gamers
Kahraman, B., & Yertutanol, F. D. K. (2021) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.900283 · Cited by 3
“It was reported that there is a positive correlation between excessive alcohol consumption and AS (19), and AS is a prospective predictor for alcohol use disorder (20).”
Background
Anxiety Sensitivity and Its Relation to Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis
Yazar, M. S., & Meterelliyoz, K. Ş. (2021) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5152/pcp.2021.21039 · Cited by 3
Anxiety Sensitivity Social Concerns Predicts Electrodermal Activity during the Niacin Biological Challenge Paradigm
Saulnier, K. G., Volarov, M., & Allan, N. P. (2022) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint3040028 · Cited by 3
“Further, the API is sensitive to acute changes in response to stressors [27,28].”
Background
Associations between sleep disturbance, physical activity, and anxiety sensitivity among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic
McLeish, A. C., Hartson, K. R., Walker, K. L., & Hart, J. L. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2179082 · Cited by 3
“, 2010), and substance use disorders (Howell et al., 2010; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
High-Risk Feedback: A Brief Intervention to Increase Motivation to Change Anxiety
Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9464-5 · Cited by 4
“Moreover, it has been shown that being high in AS serves as a predisposition for the development of panic attacks (Schmidt et al. 1997, 1999, 2006).”
Background
The Self-fulfilling Panic Prophecy: Anxiety-Related Control Attributions Uniquely Predict Reactivity to a 7.5 % CO2 Challenge
Gorlin, E. I., Beadel, J. R., Roberson‐Nay, R., & Teachman, B. A. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9626-8 · Cited by 3
“Numerous prospective studies have shown that anxiety sensitivity (Reiss and McNally 1985), which reflects a fear of anxiety-related symptoms, predicts elevated rates of future onset of panic and related anxiety disorders, even when controlling for general trait anxiety (e.g., Hayward et al. 2000; Schmidt 1999; Schmidt…”
Background
Maternal neuroticism predicts social anxiety in Cypriot youth: the mediating role of child personality and anxiety sensitivity
Panayiotou, G. (2016) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2013.866147 · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, AS also predicted significant variance in SAD, corroborating previous findings of the pathogenic role of this trait in anxiety disorders (e.g. Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Result

Authors: Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Maner, J. K.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Schmidt, Norman B.
ORCID: Schmidt, Norman B.
Zvolensky, Michael J.
Maner, Jon K.
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 40
Issue: 8
Pages: 691-699
ISSN: 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.009
OpenAlex: W2061810459
Cited by: 485
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 35.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r21da016227-02, 5r01da018734-03, 1r03mh072848-01a1)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH62056, MH72848, R21MH062056)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R21 DA 016227-01, 1R01 DA 018734-01A1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: anxiety sensitivity, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, Axis I diagnoses, premorbid risk factors, vulnerability factors, trait anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, young adults, prospective prediction
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Incidence, Panic Disorder

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Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology

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