Cited by 485Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology

Schmidt, Norman B., Zvolensky, Michael J., Maner, Jon K.·2006·Journal of Psychiatric Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.009

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Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) predicts subsequent development of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks. However, evidence regarding whether AS serves as a premorbid risk factor for the development of clinical syndromes is lacking. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether AS acts as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diagnoses. A large nonclinical sample of young adults (N=404) was prospectively followed over two years. The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI: Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986; 24: 1-8.) and trait anxiety served as predictors. Consistent with prior reports, AS predicted the development of spontaneous panic attacks in those with no history of panic. Importantly, AS was found to predict the incidence of anxiety disorder diagnoses and overall Axis I diagnoses in those with no history of Axis I diagnoses at study entry. These are the first data to provide strong prospective evidence for AS as a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders.

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“Fourth, although AS, an established risk factor for anxiety problems (Schmidt et al., 2006), was conceptualized a priori as a cognitive factor ideally suited to the study of posttraumatic stress- and panic-relevant problems, it is only one such factor.”
Background
Understanding social anxiety as a risk for alcohol use disorders: Fear of scrutiny, not social interaction fears, prospectively predicts alcohol use disorders
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“…by the fear of arousal sensations (Reiss et al., 1986) and is consistently associated with an elevated risk of anxiety disorders (Muris et al., 2001; Schmidt et al., 2006; Weems et al., 2002) and substance use as a means of managing anxiety (Kushner et al., 2001; Stewart and Kushner, 2001).”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns predict suicide risk
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“AS is robustly associated with various forms of anxiety psychopathology (Taylor et al., 1992; Schmidt et al., 1997, 2006; Rodriguez et al., 2004).”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity as a malleable mechanistic target for prevention interventions: A meta-analysis of the efficacy of brief treatment interventions.
Fitzgerald, H. E., Hoyt, D. L., Kredlow, M. A., Smits, J. A. J., Schmidt, N. B., Edmondson, D., & Otto, M. W. (2021) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/cps0000038 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
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Background
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Eating Expectancy in Maladaptive Eating Behavior
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“AS is distinct from trait anxiety (Taylor et al. 1995), and has been implicated in the development of panic attacks and a number of Axis-I disorders (Schmidt et al. 1997, 2006).”
Background
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“Thus, we were interested in both the more narrow set of outcomes (panic attacks) that has been specifically associated with elevated AS in many studies [23] in addition to the broader range of outcomes (diagnoses) that has received less attention [7].”
BackgroundResult
Panic attacks as a risk for later psychopathology: results from a nationally representative survey
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“[42] Anxiety sensitivity, which is a fear of anxiety symptoms, has also been used to predict the onset of panic attacks, other anxiety disorders, and incident Axis I psychiatric disorders.[43] These vulnerability factors may explain a proportion of the increased risk for psychiatric disorders among those with panic at…”
Background
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“…sensitivity suggesting error monitoring as a potential endophenotype of anxiety sensitivity or anxiety sensitivity related phenotypes such as panic disorder (Schmidt et al., 2006) or generalized anxiety disorder (Rector et al., 2007), while no mediation effect was detectable for the Nogo-P3.”
Background
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“Studies from parallel literatures indicate that AS typically functions as a risk factor for other disorders (10,11,37), but frequent headaches and resulting disability may also foster a hypersensitivity to bodily sensations.”
Background
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“In addition, these findings add to the extant literature establishing AS as a key risk factor among various psychiatric conditions including anxiety and mood disorders (Schmidt et al., 1997, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Anxiety sensitivity and subjective social status in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in primary care
Zvolensky, M. J., Bakhshaie, J., Garza, M. J., Valdivieso, J., Ortiz, M. Z., Bogiaizian, D., Robles, Z., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.03.006 · Cited by 45
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“Most research on anxiety sensitivity has focused on the relations between anxiety sensitivity and panic attacks and panic disorder (Schmidt et al., 1997; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
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“The presence of this cognitive bias in childhood has been found to predict panic attacks concurrently (Calamari et al., 2001; Mattis & Ollendick, 1997), as well as longitudinally in adulthood (Maller & Reiss, 1992; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity and perceived control over anxiety-related events: Evaluating the singular and interactive effects in the prediction of anxious and fearful responding to bodily sensations
Gregor, K. L., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.06.003 · Cited by 47
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Juarascio, A. S., Manasse, S. M., Clark, K. E., Schaumberg, K., Kerrigan, S. G., Goldstein, S. P., Evans, B. C., Wyckoff, E. P., Murray, H. B., Felonis, C. R., et al. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109859 · Cited by 39
Anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns predict suicidality among smokers
Capron, D. W., Blumenthal, H., Medley, A. N., Lewis, S. F., Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.048 · Cited by 40
“Building upon a substantial literature linking AS to the development of psychopathology, including anxiety disorders (Schmidt et al., 2006), PTSD (Marshall et al.”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity as a mechanism for gender discrepancies in anxiety and mood symptoms
Norr, A. M., Albanese, B. J., Allan, N. P., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.014 · Cited by 41
“One such variable risk factor is anxiety sensitivity (AS), or a fear of anxiety related sensations, which has been shown to prospectively predict the development of both anxiety andmood pathology (Schmidt et al., 2006), and be malleable through intervention (e.”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity mediates relations between emotional disorders and smoking.
Zvolensky, M. J., Farris, S. G., Leventhal, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0037450 · Cited by 39
“, panic attacks, depressive symptoms, major depression, suicide, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; Capron, Norr, Zvolensky, & Schmidt, 2014; Hayward, Killen, Kraemer, & Taylor, 2000; Marshall, Miles, & Stewart, 2010; McNally, 2002; Schmidt, Zvolensky, & Maner, 2006; Taylor, 2003), and is distinguishable t…”
Background
Relations between common and specific factors of anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance and fear, distress, and alcohol and substance use disorders
Allan, N. P., Macatee, R. J., Norr, A. M., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.002 · Cited by 45
The Latent Structure of Anxiety Sensitivity—Revisited
Broman-Fulks, J. J., Green, B. A., Berman, M., Olatunji, B., Arnau, R. C., Deacon, B., & Sawchuk, C. N. (2008) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191107311284 · Cited by 37
Anxiety sensitivity and risk-taking behavior
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Catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity mediate the relationship between persistent pain and emotional eating
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Genetic Factors in Anxiety Disorders
Domschke, K., & Maron, E. (2013) · Modern trends in psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000351932 · Cited by 42
The role of menstrual cycle phase and anxiety sensitivity in catastrophic misinterpretation of physical symptoms during a CO2 challenge
Nillni, Y. I., Rohan, K. J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2012) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0302-2 · Cited by 38
“Finally, it predicts the development of spontaneous panic attacks and PD in longitudinal studies above and beyond trait anxiety (Li and Zinbarg 2007; Schmidt et al. 2006) and negative affectivity (Zvolensky et al.”
Background
Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction
Chavanne, A. V., Martinot, J., Penttilä, J., Grimmer, Y., Conrod, P., Stringaris, A. K., van Noort, B. M., Isensee, C., Becker, A., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01840-z · Cited by 44
“Personality scores such as neuroticism and anxiety sensitivity have also been established as pre-existing risk factors for future anxiety disorders [6, 7].”
Background
The efficacy of vigorous-intensity exercise as an aid to smoking cessation in adults with elevated anxiety sensitivity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Smits, J. A. J., Zvolensky, M. J., Rosenfield, D., Marcus, B. H., Church, T. S., Frierson, G. M., Powers, M. B., Otto, M. W., Davis, M. L., Hopkins, L. B., et al. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-207 · Cited by 37
“Reported rates of smoking are highest among individuals with panic-related problems and other anxiety disorders where panic attacks are particularly common (for example, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], generalized anxiety disorder [16-20]).”
Mental health, physical symptoms and biomarkers of stress during prolonged exposure to Antarctica's extreme environment
Alfano, C. A., Bower, J. L., Connaboy, C., Agha, N. H., Baker, F. L., Smith, K. A., So, C. J., & Simpson, R. J. (2021) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.01.051 · Cited by 36
Panic Attacks as a Dimension of Psychopathology
Batelaan, N. M., Rhebergen, D., de Graaf, R., Spijker, J., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m07743 · Cited by 38
Effects of threat context and cardiac sensitivity on fear responding to a 35% CO2 challenge: A test of the context-sensitivity panic vulnerability model
Telch, M. J., Smits, J. A. J., Brown, M., Dement, M., Powers, M. B., Lee, H., & Pai, A. V. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.008 · Cited by 37
The moderating role of distress tolerance in the association between anxiety sensitivity physical concerns and panic and PTSD-related re-experiencing symptoms
Kraemer, K. M., Luberto, C. M., & McLeish, A. C. (2012) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2012.693604 · Cited by 34
The genetics of anxiety‐related negative valence system traits
Savage, J. E., Sawyers, C. K., Roberson‐Nay, R., & Hettema, J. M. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32459 · Cited by 37
“Studies suggest that AS contributes to the risk of developing ADs, particularly panic [Schmidt et al., 2006].”
Background
Effects of ADORA2A gene variation and caffeine on prepulse inhibition: A multi-level risk model of anxiety
Gajewska, A., Blumenthal, T. D., Winter, B., Herrmann, M. J., Conzelmann, A., Mühlberger, A., Warrings, B., Jacob, C., Arolt, V., Reif, A., et al. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.008 · Cited by 36
“by the using the psychometric instrument of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; Peterson and Reiss, 1992), which has been proposed as a good predictor for panic attacks and anxiety symptoms in patients with panic disorder and healthy probands (McNally, 2002; Schmidt et al., 2006).”
Modification of Interpretive Bias: Impact on Anxiety Sensitivity, Information Processing and Response to Induced Bodily Sensations
MacDonald, E. M., Koerner, N., & Antony, M. M. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9519-7 · Cited by 38
“Further, in a prospective longitudinal study of healthy individuals high in AS, higher scores on the physical concerns subscale of the ASI were the best predictor of psychopathology onset (Schmidt et al. 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Association of Adenosine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and In Vivo Adenosine A1 Receptor Binding in The Human Brain
Hohoff, C., Garibotto, V., Elmenhorst, D., Baffa, A., Kroll, T., Hoffmann, A., Schwarte, K., Zhang, W., Arolt, V., Deckert, J., et al. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.150 · Cited by 36
Anxiety sensitivity and smoking among Spanish-speaking Latinx smokers
Zvolensky, M. J., Bakhshaie, J., Shepherd, J. M., Peraza, N., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Glover, N. I., Brown, J. T., & Brown, R. A. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.022 · Cited by 34
Anxiety Sensitivity and Cognitive-Based Smoking Processes: Testing the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation Among Treatment-Seeking Daily Smokers
Johnson, K. A., Farris, S. G., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2012.665695 · Cited by 33
“Historically, AS has been studied in relation to better understanding the etiology and maintenance of anxiety and its disorders, particularly panic and posttraumatic stress disorder 4 – 11 .”
Background
Decomposing the Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Alcohol Use
Chavarria, J., Allan, N. P., Boffa, J. W., Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2015.76.957 · Cited by 32
“Because AS has been shown to be a transdiagnostic risk factor for both anxiety disorders and substance use disorders (Naragon-Gainey, 2010; Schmidt et al., 2006, 2007), the targeting of AS may be an ideal starting point for clinicians treating individuals with anxiety and alcohol problems.”
Background
An exploratory component analysis of emotion regulation strategies for improving emotion regulation and emotional eating
Juarascio, A. S., Parker, M. N., Manasse, S. M., Barney, J. L., Wyckoff, E. P., & Dochat, C. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104634 · Cited by 37
Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Predict the Onset of Clinical Panic Attacks over Adolescence: The TRAILS Study
Mathyssek, C. M., Olino, T. M., Verhulst, F. C., & van Oort, F. V. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051564 · Cited by 33
“Additional domains of risk, including social functioning, stress reactivity, anxiety sensitivity [37], and family history could be plausibly related to the onset of panic attacks or panic disorder.”
Background
Prospective Evaluation of the Effect of an Anxiety Sensitivity Intervention on Suicidality among Smokers
Capron, D. W., Norr, A. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2013.777466 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Neuropeptide S receptor gene: Fear-specific modulations of prefrontal activation
Tupak, S. V., Reif, A., Pauli, P., Dresler, T., Herrmann, M. J., Domschke, K., Jochum, C., Haas, E., Baumann, C. R., Weber, H., et al. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.033 · Cited by 32
“Consistently, anxiety sensitivity, a trait that has been linked to an increased risk for panic disorder and panic attacks (Schmidt et al., 1997; Schmidt et al., 2006), was found to be elevated among T allele carriers with panic disorder (Domschke et al., 2011) and healthy homozygous T allele…”
Associations between emotional avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, and reactions to an observational fear challenge procedure
Kelly, M. M., & Forsyth, J. P. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.008 · Cited by 37
Anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety in the prediction of fear responding to bodily sensations: a laboratory test
Gonzalez, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Hogan, J., McLeish, A. C., & Weibust, K. S. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.011 · Cited by 31
“Based on extant research [11,27,28], we hypothesized that AS and pain-related anxiety, although related to one another, would each independently predict self-reported anxious and fearful responding to a 10% carbon-dioxide enriched air challenge.”
Modulation of prefrontal functioning in attention systems by NPSR1 gene variation
Neufang, S., Geiger, M. J., Homola, G. A., Mahr, M., Akhrif, A., Nowak, J., Reif, A., Romanos, M., Deckert, J., Solymosi, L., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.064 · Cited by 31
“As anxiety sensitivity has been proposed as a robust intermediate phenotype and predictive factor of anxiety disorders (Schmidt et al., 1999; Schmidt et al., 2006), increased activity in frontal regions of the attention network as conferred by altered NPS neurotransmission might actually constitute a valid risk biomar…”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity facets in relation to tobacco use, abstinence-related problems, and cognitions in treatment-seeking smokers
Guillot, C. R., Leventhal, A. M., Raines, A. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.005 · Cited by 32
Associations between lower order anxiety sensitivity dimensions and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Raines, A. M., Walton, J. L., McManus, E. S., Cuccurullo, L. J., Chambliss, J. L., Uddo, M. M., & Franklin, C. L. (2016) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1244559 · Cited by 31
The Relationships between Adverse Events, Early Antecedents, and Carbon Dioxide Reactivity as an Intermediate Phenotype of Panic Disorder
Ogliari, A. L., Tambs, K., Harris, J. R., Scaini, S., Maffei, C., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., & Battaglia, M. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000259417 · Cited by 31
The Moderating Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Prospective Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety
Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., & Orcutt, H. K. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9614-z · Cited by 31
“…has suggested anxiety sensitivity as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety (e.g., Ginsburg and Drake 2002; Hayward et al. 2000; Schmidt et al. 1999, 2006), some evidence suggests that the impact of anxiety sensitivity on anxiety may depend on the degree to which one is willing…”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity, acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and anxious and fearful responding to bodily sensations: A laboratory test.
Vujanovic, A. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0016266 · Cited by 30
Exploration of the Relevance of Anxiety Sensitivity among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS for Understanding Anxiety Vulnerability
Gonzalez, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Solomon, S. E., & Miller, C. T. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105309344898 · Cited by 30
Why Do Anxiety Sensitive Smokers Perceive Quitting as Difficult? The Role of Expecting “Interoceptive Threat” During Acute Abstinence
Farris, S. G., Langdon, K. J., DiBello, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9644-6 · Cited by 30
Predictors of loneliness in a sample of college men and women in Cyprus: The role of anxiety and social skills
Panayiotou, G., Panteli, M., & Theodorou, M. (2016) · Psychology Community & Health · doi:10.5964/pch.v5i1.142 · Cited by 29
Heightened affective response to perturbation of respiratory but not pain signals in eating, mood, and anxiety disorders
Lapidus, R. C., Puhl, M., Kuplicki, R., Stewart, J. L., Paulus, M. P., Rhudy, J. L., Feinstein, J. S., Khalsa, S. S., & on behalf of the Tulsa 1000 Investigators (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235346 · Cited by 32
“…already identified as a transdiagnostic predictor of symptom response during intero-ceptive and nociceptive challenges in both HC [75] and MA [76, 77], little research has used behavioral measures to examine the relevance of anxiety sensitivity to ED despite the high comorbidity between ED and…”
A cross-cultural replication of an interactive model of anxiety sensitivity relevant to suicide
Capron, D. W., Kotov, R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.006 · Cited by 30
“It is associated with the development of a range of psychopathology including anxiety and mood disorders (Schmidt et al., 2006) and substance use disorders (Lejuez et al., 2006; Schmidt et al., 2007a, 2007b).”
Longitudinal investigation of anxiety sensitivity growth trajectories and relations with anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence
Allan, N. P., Felton, J. W., Lejuez, C. W., MacPherson, L., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000590 · Cited by 34
The role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between anxious arousal and cannabis and alcohol use problems among low-income inner city racial/ethnic minorities
Paulus, D. J., Manning, K. F., Hogan, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.011 · Cited by 31
The natural course of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence: factors related to persistence
Voltas, N., Hernández‐Martínez, C., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2017) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2017.1347642 · Cited by 30
Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of panic disorder symptoms: a prospective 3-year study
Jurin, T., & Biglbauer, S. (2018) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1453745 · Cited by 30
“…this contradicts the results of Plehn and Peterson (2002), it is largely consistent with studies indicating that AS, but not trait anxiety, was a significant predictor of the incidence of anxiety disorders, panic disorder and panic attacks (Maller & Reiss, 1992; Schmidt et al., 1997, 1999, 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Differential associations between components of anxiety sensitivity and smoking-related characteristics
Guillot, C. R., Zvolensky, M. J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.08.004 · Cited by 29
Anxiety sensitivity mediates the relationship between exercise frequency and anxiety and depression symptomology
Broman‐Fulks, J. J., Abraham, C. M., Thomas, K., Canu, W. H., & Nieman, D. C. (2018) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2810 · Cited by 30
Demographic and cognitive risk factors for police mental disorder symptoms
Korol, S., Vig, K. D., Sapach, M. J. N. T., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Carleton, R. N. (2019) · The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles · doi:10.1177/0032258x19894619 · Cited by 36
“ASI-3: Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; IUS-12: Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–12 Item Version; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale–7 Item Version; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire–9 Item Version; PDSS: Panic Disorder Severity Scale; PCL-5: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; SIPS: Social Interaction Phobia Scale; b: uns…”
MethodInfluential
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 in an Italian Community Sample
Ghisi, M., Bottesi, G., Altoè, G., Razzetti, E., Melli, G., & Sica, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00160 · Cited by 30
“…= 0.75 in a community sample) and the Italian version (internal consistency: α = 0.89, α = 0.87, and α = 0.81 in undergraduates, community and anxious patients, respectively; 1-month test–retest reliability: r = 0.62 in a student sample; Beck et al., 1988; Sica et al., 2006; Sica and Ghisi, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Factors associated with treatment outcomes in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for panic disorder
Kim, B., Cho, S. J., Lee, K. S., Lee, J.-Y., Choe, A. Y., Lee, J. E., Choi, T. K., & Lee, S.-H. (2013) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1454 · Cited by 28
An urge to jump affirms the urge to live: An empirical examination of the high place phenomenon
Hames, J. L., Ribeiro, J. D., Smith, A. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.035 · Cited by 28
“There is also evidence that anxiety sensitivity levels are elevated in most anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; Schmidt et al., 2006; Taylor et al., 1992).”
Background
Worry, anxiety sensitivity, and electronic cigarettes among adults
Zvolensky, M. J., Mayorga, N. A., & Garey, L. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.087 · Cited by 28
Longitudinal course of anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptoms in cognitive-behavioral therapies for PTSD
Gutner, C. A., Nillni, Y. I., Suvak, M. K., Stirman, S. W., & Resick, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.09.010 · Cited by 28
Improvement in adult anxious and avoidant attachment during cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder
Zalaznik, D., Weiss, M., & Huppert, J. D. (2017) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1365183 · Cited by 31
Responses to false physiological feedback in individuals with panic attacks and elevated anxiety sensitivity.
Story, T., & Craske, M. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.06.001 · Cited by 31
The Quik Fix study: a randomised controlled trial of brief interventions for young people with alcohol-related injuries and illnesses accessing emergency department and crisis support care
Hides, L. M., Kavanagh, D. J., Daglish, M. R. C., Cotton, S., Connor, J. P., Barendregt, J. J., Young, R. M., Sanders, D., White, A., & Mergard, L. (2014) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/1471-227x-14-19 · Cited by 28
“Anxiety proneness is a fear of anxiety-related bodily symptoms and has been linked to alcohol misuse and related problems in young adulthood, via a negative reinforcement process where alcohol is used to reduce anxiety symptoms and negative affect [34-37].”
Background
Anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention in terms of anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders among Latinos in primary care
Zvolensky, M. J., Bakhshaie, J., Garza, M. J., Paulus, D. J., Valdivieso, J., Lam, H., Bogiaizian, D., Robles, Z., Schmidt, N. B., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.026 · Cited by 28

Authors: Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Maner, J. K.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Schmidt, Norman B.
ORCID: Schmidt, Norman B.
Zvolensky, Michael J.
Maner, Jon K.
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 40
Issue: 8
Pages: 691-699
ISSN: 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.009
OpenAlex: W2061810459
Cited by: 485
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 35.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r21da016227-02, 5r01da018734-03, 1r03mh072848-01a1)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH62056, MH72848, R21MH062056)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R21 DA 016227-01, 1R01 DA 018734-01A1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: anxiety sensitivity, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, Axis I diagnoses, premorbid risk factors, vulnerability factors, trait anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, young adults, prospective prediction
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Incidence, Panic Disorder

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Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology

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