Cognitive deficits in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Although cognitive dysfunction is a primary characteristic of schizophrenia, only recently have investigations begun to pinpoint when the dysfunction develops in the individual afflicted by the disorder. Research to date provides evidence for significant cognitive impairments prior to disorder onset. Less is known about the course of cognitive dysfunction from onset to the chronic phase of schizophrenia. Although longitudinal studies are optimal for assessing stability of cognitive deficits, practice effects often confound assessments, and large and representative subject samples have not been followed over long periods of time. We report results of a cross-sectional study of cognitive deficits early and late in the course of schizophrenia carried out at four different geographic locations to increase sample size and generalizability of findings. We examined a broad set of cognitive functions in 41 recent-onset schizophrenia patients and 106 chronic schizophrenia patients. The study included separate groups of 43 matched controls for the recent-onset sample and 105 matched controls for the chronic schizophrenia sample in order to evaluate the effects of cohort (i.e., age) and diagnosis (i.e., schizophrenia) on cognitive functions. All measures of cognitive function showed effects of diagnosis; however, select time-based measures of problem solving and fine motor dexterity exhibited interactions of diagnosis and cohort indicating that these deficits may progress beyond what is expected with normal aging. Also, worse recall of material in episodic memory was associated with greater length of illness. Nevertheless, findings indicate that nearly all cognitive deficits are comparably impaired across recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia.
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Worse recall of material in episodic memory, changes in select time-based measures of problem solving, and fine motor dexterity have been associated with greater length of illness in schizophrenia.
“Larger deficits in working memory have been shown to exist in elderly vs first-episode people with schizophrenia, while worse recall of material in episodic memory, changes in select time-based measures of problem solving and fine motor dexterity have all been associated with greater length of illness.61,62”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [62]
Larger deficits in working memory exist in elderly versus first-episode people with schizophrenia.
“Larger deficits in working memory have been shown to exist in elderly vs first-episode people with schizophrenia, while worse recall of material in episodic memory, changes in select time-based measures of problem solving and fine motor dexterity have all been associated with greater length of illness.61,62”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [62]
Cognitive function is age dependent in healthy controls and schizophrenia samples.
“Although cognitive impairments are generally stable over relatively short periods of time in the longitudinal course of schizophrenia58–60 cognitive function is age dependent in healthy controls and schizophrenia samples.”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Sponheim, S. R., Jung, R. E., Seidman, L. J., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Manoach, D. S., O’Leary, D. S., Ho, B. C., Andreasen, N. C., Lauriello, J., & Schulz, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System (US)
- Mind Research Network (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sponheim, S.R.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 421-428
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3940967
- OpenAlex
- W2140536737
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040856, K23MH068380)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, cognitive impairment, recent-onset schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, clinical course, problem solving, fine motor dexterity, episodic memory, memory retrieval, length of illness, aging, practice effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression, Young Adult
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